Stop the leak!: Mitigating potential exposure of aerosolized COVID-19 during laparoscopic surgery
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Stop the leak!: Mitigating potential exposure of aerosolized COVID‑19 during laparoscopic surgery John M. Uecker1,3 · Austin Fagerberg1 · Naser Ahmad1 · Alexander Cohen2 · Mitchell Gilkey1 · Farshid Alembeigi2 · Christopher R. Idelson1 Received: 2 July 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background Viral particles have been shown to aerosolize into insufflated gas during laparoscopic surgery. In the operating room, this potentially exposes personnel to aerosolized viruses as well as carcinogens. In light of circumstances surrounding COVID-19 and a concern for the safety of healthcare professionals, our study seeks to quantify the volumes of gas leaked from dynamic interactions between laparoscopic instruments and the trocar port to better understand potential exposure to surgically aerosolized particles. Methods A custom setup was constructed to simulate an insufflated laparoscopic surgical cavity. Two surgical instrument use scenarios were examined to observe and quantify opportunities for insufflation gas leakage. Both scenarios considered multiple configurations of instrument and trocar port sizes/dimensions: (1) the full insertion and full removal of a laparoscopic instrument from the port and (2) the movement of the scope within the port, recognized as “dynamic interaction”, which occurs nearly 100% of the time over the course of any procedure. Results For a 5 mm instrument in a 5 mm trocar, the average volume of gas leaked during dynamic interaction and full insertion/removal scenarios were 43.67 and 25.97 mL of gas, respectively. Volume of gas leaked for a 5 mm instrument in a 12 mm port averaged 41.32 mL and 29.47 for dynamic interaction vs. instrument insertion and removal. Similar patterns were shown with a 10 mm instrument in 12 mm port, with 55.68 mL for the dynamic interaction and 58.59 for the instrument insertion/removal. Conclusions Dynamic interactions and insertion/removal events between laparoscopic instruments and ports appear to contribute to consistent leakage of insufflated gas into the OR. Any measures possible taken to reduce OR gas leakage should be considered in light of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Minimizing laparoscope and instrument removal and replacement would be one strategy to mitigate gas leakage during laparoscopic surgery. Keywords Laparoscopy · Insufflation · Coronavirus · COVID-19 · Exposure · Operating room Clinicians working on the frontlines have continued to adapt to the ever-changing environment that is living and working John M. Uecker, Farshid Alembeigi, and Christopher R. Idelson have contributed equally to this work. * Christopher R. Idelson cidelson@clearcam‑med.com 1
ClearCam Inc, Austin, TX 78744, USA
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
3
Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712,
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