Structural, impedance and electrochemical double-layer capacitor characteristics of improved number density of charge ca
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Structural, impedance and electrochemical double-layer capacitor characteristics of improved number density of charge carrier electrolytes employing potato starch blend polymers A. A. Azli 1 & N. S. A. Manan 2 & Shujahadeen B. Aziz 3,4 & M. F. Z. Kadir 5 Received: 24 February 2020 / Revised: 8 June 2020 / Accepted: 2 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Potato starch (PS)/graphene oxide (GO) blend–based solid polymer electrolyte has been doped with lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF3SO3) via casting method. Lithium-based system is further infused with ionic liquid, 1-butyl3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim][Cl]) as a plasticizer to form a PS/GO/LiCF3SO3/[Bmim][Cl] electrolyte with improved conductivity characteristic. The ionic liquid–based polymer electrolyte PS/GO/LiCF3SO3/[Bmim][Cl] exhibits better physical properties based on structural characterisation and thermal analysis conducted. Values of linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) that evaluates the electrochemical potential window for salted and plasticized systems are 1.38 V and 1.92 V, respectively. Specific capacitance (Cs) values calculated from charge–discharge measurement and cyclic voltammetry (CV) for the plasticized system are higher compared with those for the salted system. From the galvanostatic charge–discharge analysis, the value of Cs obtained for PS/GO/LiCF3SO3/[Bmim][Cl] is 37.9 F g−1 at 0.6 mA cm−2 current density. The results from CV and galvanostatic charge– discharge analysis confirm the suitability of PS/GO/LiCF3SO3 and PS/GO/LiCF3SO3/[Bmim][Cl] for electrochemical doublelayer capacitor (EDLC) application. Keywords Potato starch . Graphene oxide . Lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate . Ionic liquids . Electrochemical double-layer capacitors
Introduction Solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) offers advantages for electrochemical device since it avoids the use of corrosive solvent and improves the electrolyte’s properties by giving wider
* M. F. Z. Kadir [email protected] 1
Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3
Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab, Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlysan Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government 46001, Iraq
4
Komar Research Centre (KRC), Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government 46001, Iraq
5
Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
electrochemical and thermal stability with easy handling of the electrolyte for miniature device [1]. Specifically, solid biopolymer electrolytes are seen as an alternative for petroleumbased polymers in electrochemical devices because they are cost-effective and safe to the environment [2]. The starch is a biopolymer that is produced by the plant to act as a reservoir of energy for a plant. Starch is known for its good characteristics o
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