Student perceptions of campus safety: testing the vulnerability and disorder models
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Student perceptions of campus safety: testing the vulnerability and disorder models Claire Nolasco Braaten1 · Lily Chi‑Fang Tsai2 · Michael S. Vaughn3 Accepted: 18 September 2020 © Springer Nature Limited 2020
Abstract This article examines perceptions of campus safety among a sample of 697 college students in two universities in the southern and northeastern regions of the United States. A survey instrument was sent through email to all registered and enrolled students taking at least 12 credits and attending at least one on-campus class during the Fall 2013 semester in an urban southern university and a rural northeastern university in the United States. Results indicate statistically significant effects of gender, fear of crime, and satisfaction with campus security measures on student perceptions of campus safety. Females are less likely to perceive that their campus is safe. Students who were less fearful of crime and were more satisfied with campus security measures had higher perceptions of campus safety. Keywords Perceptions of safety · Fear of crime · Campus climate survey · Campus crime
Presented at the 2014 American Society of Criminology meeting, held in San Francisco, California, USA. * Claire Nolasco Braaten [email protected] Lily Chi‑Fang Tsai [email protected] Michael S. Vaughn [email protected] 1
College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Criminology, Texas A&M-San Antonio, One University Way, San Antonio, TX 78224, USA
2
Department of Criminal Justice, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, 1 College Backbone Road, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
3
Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Institute for Legal Studies in Criminal Justice, College of Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University, 816 17th St., P.O. Box 2296, Huntsville, TX 77341‑2296, USA
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C. N. Braaten et al.
Introduction Campus crime is an ongoing concern among policy makers. The Student Rightto-Know and Campus Security Act of 1990 (also the Crime Awareness and Campus Security Act of 1990) mandated colleges and universities that receive federal funds, or as a condition of participating in federal student aid programs, to annually compile and publish instances of violent and property crimes occurring within its borders (Hummer 2004). Although the Crime Awareness and Campus Security Act of 1990 does not require colleges and universities to report campus crime to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for inclusion in the Uniform Crime Reports, many of these institutions voluntarily do so (Seng 1995). The Crime Awareness and Campus Security Act of 1990 has been superseded by the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act of 1998 (the “Clery Act”). The most recent amendment to the Clery Act is the Campus Sexual Violence Elimination Act (Campus SaVE Act of 2013) signed by President Obama into law on March 7, 2013 as part of the Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013. The Campus SaVE Act of 2013 requires colleges and universities, beginning with
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