Studies on diagnosis and protection of important potato diseases in Japan
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Studies on diagnosis and protection of important potato diseases in Japan Tetsuo Maoka1 Received: 3 September 2020 / Accepted: 6 September 2020 © The Phytopathological Society of Japan and Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Introduction Since potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a vegetatively propagated crop and progeny tubers are used as seeds for the next crop, seed potatoes are produced under strict governmental control in Japan by plant protection law. Sixty-three diseases of potato have been reported in Japan (Phytopathological Society of Japan 2019), but were little damaged by infection. However, in recent years, important potato diseases have emerged and recurred, and effective countermeasures were urgently needed. Since 2000, our research group has worked to develop diagnostic and control methods for these potato diseases in Hokkaido Agricultural Experiment Station (currently Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO), and the methods have been used in agricultural sites. In this review, I introduce the important potato diseases and diagnostic and control methods were developed over the last 20 years in Japan.
wilt virus (TSWV)—have been identified as causal agents of potato diseases (Maoka et al. 2010). We developed ELISA and RT-PCR detection methods for each virus (Maoka et al. 2010). In addition, two new methods, cDNA macroarray and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction–microplate hybridization (RT-PCR-MPH) were developed for simultaneous detection of these 12 potato viruses (Maoka et al. 2010, 2013). We surveyed Japanese landraces of potato using RT-PCR-MPH, and PVM, PVS, PVY, PLRV, PVA, and PVX were detected in 94%, 91%, 80%, 77%, 57%, and 43% of the landraces, respectively (Maoka et al. 2013). These results indicate that potato landraces can act as a reservoir for these viruses with some landraces being asymptomatic. It is thus important to inspect and test for these viruses in seed potato production. These diagnostic methods have become basic techniques for subsequent viral research (Maoka 2010; Nakayama et al. 2010a; Ito et al. 2017; Onozuka et al. 2020).
1. Japanese potato viruses and multivirus detection
2. Spraing disease caused by potato mop-top virus (PMTV)
In Japan, 12 viruses—alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), potato aucuba mosaic virus (PAMV), potato leafroll virus (PLRV), potato mop-top virus (PMTV), potato virus A (PVA), potato virus M (PVM), potato virus S (PVS), potato virus X (PVX), potato virus Y (PVY), tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), and tomato spotted
In 2005, spraing (brown rings or arcs) of potato caused by PMTV were found in a field in Hokkaido, Japan. To monitor the expansion of PMTV-affected areas, we developed a soil diagnostic method that consisted of a bioassay using tomato as a bait plant to trap the vector of PMTV, Spongospora subterranea, the causal agent of powdery scab of potatoes, followed by RT-PCR-MPH to detect the virus from roots of bait plants. When this method was used to test soils in an infested area, 137 of
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