Study of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Versus Cognitive Behavior Therapy on Emotion Regulation and Mindfulness in Patient
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Study of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Versus Cognitive Behavior Therapy on Emotion Regulation and Mindfulness in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder Behrooz Afshari1 · Jila Hasani1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Although the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has not been addressed to date, cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is the gold-standard psychotherapy for GAD patients. The present study investigated effects of DBT versus CBT on emotion regulation and mindfulness in GAD patients. Conducted in Iran, 68 GAD patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: CBT or DBT. Assessment was performed at pretreatment, post-treatment, and at 3 months follow-up. Evaluation included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders (SCID-I), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Results of the present study showed that both groups had lower scores in depression, anxiety, and emotion dysregulation and higher scores in mindfulness after the interventions, and at follow-up. During the study period, the CBT group experienced greater reductions than the DBT group in symptoms of depression and anxiety, while the DBT group experienced greater improvements than the CBT group in emotion regulation and mindfulness. Findings seem to warrant the conclusion that, although CBT reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety more than DBT, DBT was more effective in improving emotion regulation and mindfulness than CBT. Findings of the study are of significance for psychotherapy and future studies of these treatments. Keywords Generalized anxiety disorder · Dialectical behavior therapy · Cognitive behavior therapy · Emotion regulation · Mindfulness
Introduction Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is defined as too much anxiety about multiple activities or events most days and over a period of at least 6 months. This anxiety is hard to control and is associated with symptoms such as irritability, muscle tension, restlessness, and difficulties sleeping. Anxiety is difficult to control, causes intrinsic suffering and disrupts important areas of one’s life (Behar et al. 2009a, b). The ratio of female to male in this disorder is about two * Behrooz Afshari [email protected] Jila Hasani [email protected] 1
Department of Clinical Psychology, Kashan University of Medical Science, 8714858955 Kashan, Iran
to one (Kaplan 2016). According to the DSM-V, the most common comorbid disorders associated with GAD are social phobia, specific phobia, panic disorder, and major depressive disorders (APA 2013). One of the main problems for the GAD patients is deficits in emotion regulation. Impairments in Emotional Regulation (ER) in the GAD patients have been documented, but improvements in this skill as a result of GAD-focu
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