Study on the casting cores to identify the manufacturing place of Chinese bronze vessels excavated in the Qiaojiayuan to
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(2020) 12:203
ORIGINAL PAPER
Study on the casting cores to identify the manufacturing place of Chinese bronze vessels excavated in the Qiaojiayuan tombs from Spring and Autumn period Ding Ma 1,2 & Wugan Luo 1,2
&
Ying Qin 3 & Dian Chen 1,2 & Fengchun Huang 4 & Changsui Wang 1,2
Received: 17 July 2019 / Accepted: 23 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract To date, few large-scale bronze foundry sites of the Bronze Age have been found in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Southern China, but highly developed bronze cultures have occurred here. For instance, in Qiaojiayuan, Yunxian County, northwestern Hubei Province, on the border of Southern and Northern China, a high-level tomb cluster of Spring and Autumn period (8th–5th c. BC) has been unearthed. The location of the site is identical with the Ancient Jun 麇 State recorded in the historical documents. Thus, figuring out where these bronzes were made can shed light on the status of the Jun State and its potential links to other great powers. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) were conducted to characterize the major elements, trace elements, and rare earth elements in the casting core residues of the Qiaojiayuan bronze ritual vessels. They are largely different from the loess in the Yellow River Basin, but very similar to the laterite in southern China. Moreover, from the chemical characteristics, the samples from Qiaojiayuan are well resembled with those from Panlongcheng and Zuozhong, but differ from the casting core residues or clay molds manufactured in Northern China, and they are not consistent with the local soil geochemical characteristics. It can be further speculated that the Qiaojiayuan bronzes were first cast and finished in the Chu State before being transported to the area of Jun. Keywords Qiaojiayuan tombs . Casting core . Foundry site . XRF . ICP
Introduction The bronze ritual vessels manufactured by multi-piece mold casting technology of ancient China have laid a solid Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-020-01169-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Ding Ma and Wugan Luo contributed equally to the manuscript and should be regarded as co-first authors. * Wugan Luo [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
2
Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3
The Laboratory of Archaeometry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
4
Institution of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430077, China
foundation for the highly developed bronze civilization and represented the leading position of the metal foundry industry in the Bronze Age (Xia 1985; Li 2005; Chen 2008). Cas
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