Sucking Pests of Cereals
Cereal crops are grasses belonging to monocot plants under the family Poaceae. They are grown primarily for the harvesting of mature grains which are used or processed into staple food and animal feed. They are also processed into various products, such a
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Sucking Pests of Crops
Sucking Pests of Crops
Omkar Editor
Sucking Pests of Crops
Editor Omkar Department of Zoology University of Lucknow Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
ISBN 978-981-15-6148-1 ISBN 978-981-15-6149-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6149-8
(eBook)
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Preface
The increase in human population in the twentieth century at a pace much beyond that in any of the previous centuries is attributed to multiple factors including more scientific breakthroughs, rapid industrialization, better health care, better understanding of hygiene, and increased food availability. The increased food availability can be attributed to both the increase in agricultural land and the development of high yielding seeds and more efficient means of pest management. But while the overall agricultural yield has managed to keep pace with the rapidly increasing human population, it has also led to a rapid increase in yet another population of organisms, the insect pests. Pests reduce crop productivity in various ways. Without preventive measures using pesticides, natural enemies, host plant resistance, and other nonchemical controls, 70% of crops could have been lost to pests. Weeds produce the highest potential loss (30%), compared to animal pests (23%) and pathogens (17%). However, the control measures for pathogens and animal pests show efficacy of 32 and 39%, respectively, compared to almost 74 % for weed control. Herbivorous insects are known to cause damage up to 20% of the crop yield despite massive global inputs in pest control measures. Globally, arthropods destroy an estimated 18–2
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