Suitability of Palm Frond Waste Ash as a Supplementary Cementitious Material
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-CIVIL ENGINEERING
Suitability of Palm Frond Waste Ash as a Supplementary Cementitious Material Fahed Alrshoudi1 · Mohammad Alshannag1 Received: 24 January 2020 / Accepted: 28 March 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract There has been a growing interest in using agricultural waste in concrete construction lately, because of environmental friendliness, resource conservation and economic considerations. Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the possibility of using palm frond waste ash, as an additive in cement-based composites. The parameters investigated included the effect of palm frond waste ash at 10%, 20%, and 30% admixing levels by weight of cement, on normal consistency and setting times of cement paste, flow, compressive and flexural strength of mortar at 7, 28, 56, and 90 days, and chloride ion permeability of mortar at 28 and 90 days. Similar experiments were also performed on commercially available mineral admixture such as F type fly ash for comparison purposes. Palm frond waste ash additions to portland cement (PC) mortars somewhat increased the water required for normal consistency, prolonged the setting times, marginally lowered the workability, and improved considerably the compressive strength and chloride ion permeability at 28 and 90 days compared to control mixes without ash. Test results indicated that, up to 30% of palm frond waste ash can be added to PC cement mortar without compromising the strength and durability properties and compare fairly well with similar test results reported on a commercial admixture for concrete such as F type fly ash. Keywords Palm frond waste · Ash · Cement paste · Mortar · Compressive strength
1 Introduction The introduction of new construction materials in industry sector is steadily rising as a result of resource constraints, advances in engineering systems, and cost-cutting factors. Date palm trees waste is a major problem facing the countries with a high production rate of dates’ trees worldwide, where thousands of tons of palm trees leaves are accumulated every year. Since the cost of solid waste disposal is rapidly increasing and landfill areas are markedly depleting, recycling would be the optimum solution for transforming the waste into service [1–7]. Among the natural agricultural wastes available, dates palm trees waste has the potential for being used as an appropriate binder for improving mortar and concrete properties. Date palm is one of the most cultivated palms around the world, especially in countries where hot and dry climates are prevailing, such as the Middle East, Malaysia, North Africa,
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Mohammad Alshannag [email protected] Department of Civil Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
India, and California. Saudi Arabia has been one of the largest cultivation of more than 300 types of date palm trees [1]. According to a report published by King Abdulaziz city for science and technology, about 360,000 tons of date palm trees can be gathered every year as a re
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