Survey: smartphone-based assessment of cardiovascular diseases using ECG and PPG analysis
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(2020) 20:177
REVIEW
Open Access
Survey: smartphone-based assessment of cardiovascular diseases using ECG and PPG analysis Muhammad Shabaan1, Kaleem Arshad2†, Muhammad Yaqub2†, Fung Jinchao2,3*† , M. Sultan Zia4, Girridhar Reddy Boja5, Muazzam Iftikhar6, Usman Ghani6, Loknath Sai Ambati5 and Rizwan Munir7
Abstract A number of resources, every year, being spent to tackle early detection of cardiac abnormalities which is one of the leading causes of deaths all over the Globe. The challenges for healthcare systems includes early detection, portability and mobility of patients. This paper presents a categorical review of smartphone-based systems that can detect cardiac abnormalities by the analysis of Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Photoplethysmography (PPG) and the limitation and challenges of these system. The ECG based systems can monitor, record and forward signals for analysis and an alarm can be triggered in case of abnormality, however the limitation of smart phone’s processing capabilities, lack of storage and speed of network are major challenges. The systems based on PPG signals are noninvasive and provides mobility and portability. This study aims to critically review the existing systems, their limitation, challenges and possible improvements to serve as a reference for researchers and developers. Keywords: Healthcare, Smartphone, electrocardiogram (ECG), Photoplethysmography (PPG), Heart diseases detection
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and other heart abnormalities are some of the leading causes of death around the globe. These cardiac abnormalities caused 29.6% of total deaths worldwide in 2010 [1]. The report of the American Heart Association states that almost 17 million people die every year due to cardiac abnormalities, and this number will grow up to 23 million by 2030 [2]. The developing countries are affected particularly, and seven out of every ten deaths will be caused by heartrelated abnormalities [3]. Another report claims that heart diseases are the number one cause of deaths by * Correspondence: [email protected] † Kaleem Arshad, Muhammad Yaqub and Fung Jinchao contributed equally to this work. 2 Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China 3 Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Networks, Beijing, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
consuming 20 million lives annually. These heart diseases are affecting both developed and developing countries, especially in the urban lifestyle. In the modern era, busy routines, stress at workplaces, an unhealthy diet, smoking, alcohol, and negligence of daily health tips, such as exercise and a healthy diet, are widely adopted. This negligence has shown catastrophic results such as several people even in younger ages (under 35) now having serious heart diseases such as Blood Pressure (BP) disorder, hypertension, cardiac arrest and heart attack [4]. Cardiac arrhythmia is a disorder and abnormal heart rhythm, which leads to a group of heart diseases. To minimize the causalit
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