Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Mathematical Models and
Nowadays, environmental issues including air and water pollution, climate change, overexploitation of marine ecosystems, exhaustion of fossil resources, conservation of biodiversity are receiving major attention from the public, stakeholders and scholars
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chel De Lara · Luc Doyen
Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Mathematical Models and Methods
Michel De Lara Universite Paris-Est, CERMICS 6-8 avenue Blaise Pascal 77455 Marne la Vallee Cedex 2 France [email protected]
Luc Doyen Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CERSP, Mus´eum National d’Histoire Naturelle 55 rue Buffon France 75005 Paris [email protected]
ISBN: 978-3-540-79073-0
e-ISBN: 978-3-540-79074-7
Environmental Science and Engineering ISSN: 1863-5520 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008928724 c 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover Design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com
Preface
Nowadays, environmental issues including air and water pollution, climate change, overexploitation of marine ecosystems, exhaustion of fossil resources, conservation of biodiversity are receiving major attention from the public, stakeholders and scholars from the local to the planetary scales. It is now clearly recognized that human activities yield major ecological and environmental stresses with irreversible loss of species, destruction of habitat or climate catastrophes as the most dramatic examples of their effects. In fact, these anthropogenic activities impact not only the states and dynamics of natural resources and ecosystems but also alter human health, well-being, welfare and economic wealth since these resources are support features for human life. The numerous outputs furnished by nature include direct goods such as food, drugs, energy along with indirect services such as the carbon cycle, the water cycle and pollination, to cite but a few. Hence, the various ecological changes our world is undergoing draw into question our ability to sustain economic production, wealth and the evolution of technology by taking natural systems into account. The concept of “sustainable development” covers such concerns, although no universal consensus exists about this notion. Sustainable development emphasizes the need to organize and control the dynamics and the complex interactions between man, production activities, and natural resources in order to promote their coexistence and their common evolution. It points out t
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