Sustainable urban interventions in the rain forest: the experience of the city of Manaus in Brazil
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Sustainable urban interventions in the rain forest: the experience of the city of Manaus in Brazil Ana Carolina Correa de Medeiros1 · Roger Pamponet da Fonseca1 · Elizangela Francisca Sena Araújo de Silva1 Received: 30 September 2019 / Accepted: 24 March 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The historical downtown areas are places where once there was active urban life; however, nowadays the downtown areas are busy zones by day and empty dangerous spaces by night. It is crucial to study urban centralities to understand how to make cities more sustainable; it is vital to occupy areas already endowed with consolidated urban infrastructure rather than expand cities to suburban areas. The case of Downtown Manaus is quite similar to other cities, mainly because it has been systematically vacant, as research has shown. The main objective of this project is to reclaim this area for housing plus other mixed occupation, such as commercial, leisure and housing uses. The research methodology approach was theoretical–conceptual and empirical. As a result, the survey of vacant lots aimed identify each of the lot conditions and qualities. The investigation showed that many lots have a special appealing for housing. The proposal of small residential areas using the Pod Houses and a mixed-use approach, where residents can also use the space for commercial exploration, suits the focus on multiplicity within a city. Finally, on the public realm, repossession tactics focused on parks, bridges and parking lots aiming to recover degraded areas. Keywords Historical downtown areas · Sustainable urban planning · Sustainable housing · Terrain vagues · Manaus
1 Introduction Why do the population rate of many historical downtown have been dropping? This is the main question surrounding this research. The goal of this work is to understand the vacancy of historical downtown areas and to propose sustainable solutions for this problem. To address this problem, the sample selected was Manaus, capital of Amazonas state, in Brazil. That is the reason why this paper is a result of a case study of Manaus reality, even if the conclusions of this research are general than the original intention. The importance of this work is because Manaus is a city within the world’s largest rain forest, the Amazon
biome. The Amazon appears as a focus of many discussions, especially after the recent fires on 2019. In a city that emerges from the forest, it is important to think on sustainable urban planning solutions that can address the urban sprawling and the relocation of inhabitants to forested areas. That is why the focus of this paper is to present solutions for Manaus historical downtown area, where there are many vacant lots and vacant spaces. Manaus’ Downtown is a neighborhood that has consolidated infrastructure which is desirable for people to live. For this paper, the research approach was theoretical–conceptual and empirical. The primary source of data were official documents, legislation and IBGE’s (Brazilian
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