Swedish Adolescent Female Offenders with Limited Delinquency: Exploring Family-Related Narratives from a Developmental P
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Swedish Adolescent Female Offenders with Limited Delinquency: Exploring Family‑Related Narratives from a Developmental Perspective Hanna Ginner Hau1 · Azade Azad2 Accepted: 12 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Family factors are central both for adolescent development in general and for the development of delinquency. For female delinquency they appear to be particularly important. The aim of this study was to explore family-related statements in adolescent females’ delinquency narratives from a developmental perspective. Interviews with nine female adolescent offenders were analysed using consensual qualitative research (CQR). The main findings consisted of five themes concerning the family in relation to the participants’ delinquency. In the delinquency narratives, families were described as being involved in the entire process of delinquency. Urges both for proximity and distance in family relations were expressed in the narratives. Delinquency was also found to be related to transactions between participants and their families. Our findings indicate that the developmental perspective on family factors for females with limited delinquency is a meaningful way to further investigate this group of offenders. Furthermore, this perspective could in the long-term also potentially contribute to the design of adequate community-based measures for this yet under-researched group of young offenders. Keywords Adolescence · Delinquency · Family social work · Young offenders · Female offenders · Prevention For both females and males, problem behaviours in general, and delinquency in particular, increase and peak during adolescence (Piquero, Diamond, Jennings, & Reingle, 2013). Delinquency is defined as a minor person or a nonadult, most often an adolescent, engaging in illegal behaviour or criminal activities (Estrada & Flyghed, 2017). In most cases, criminal behaviour can be regarded as a transitional developmental process, serving the purposes of emancipation and achievement of respect and independence (Bonnie, Johnson, Chemers, & Schuck, 2013; Laub & Sampson, 2001; Moffitt, 2006). There is limited research on this group of offenders (e.g., Kang, 2019). Available studies indicate however, that also young offenders with limited delinquency may be at risk of suboptimal development (Andersson, Levander, & Torstensson Levander, 2013; Nilsson & Estrada, 2009; Odgers * Hanna Ginner Hau [email protected] 1
Department of Special Education, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
2
et al., 2008; Roisman, Monahan, Campbell, Steinberg, & Cauffman, 2010). Independent of the long-term outcome, the increased levels of risk behaviour in adolescence coincide with parents having to gradually reduce their control and power in favour of adolescent autonomy and independence (Keijsers & Poulin, 2013). During childhood, no other developmental period comes with such a remarkable or rapid transformation as adolescence, and even for the most wellfuncti
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