Synthesis and Characterization of PVA/Starch Hydrogel Membranes Incorporating Essential Oils Aimed to be Used in Wound D
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Synthesis and Characterization of PVA/Starch Hydrogel Membranes Incorporating Essential Oils Aimed to be Used in Wound Dressing Applications Farrukh Altaf1 · Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi1 · Zaib Jahan1 · Tahir Ahmad2 · Muhammad Aftab Akram1 · Amna safdar1 · Muhammad Shoaib Butt1 · Tayyaba Noor1 · Farooq Sher3
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Wound care has come through various trials and errors with primitive cultures applying old age techniques and knowledge. Recent research has shown that the moist environment promotes wound healing than the dry. In the present research, hydrogel membranes were fabricated by esterification of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with starch and glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. The essential oils (clove oil, Oregano oil and tea tree oil) have been incorporated in PVA/Starch based hydrogel membranes. The aim was to achieve optimized anti-bacterial activity and mechanical strength. The anti-bacterial testing was performed using the disc diffusion method. The maximum antibacterial activity for fabricated hydrogels was attained by addition of 0.1 mL clove oil in PVA/Starch hydrogel was 39 ± 0.57 mm and 37 ± 0.29 mm for MRSA and E. coli, respectively. The FTIR results presented the occurrence of –OH group in hydrogel membrane. The SEM results showed around dense nature of membranes with having an antibacterial agent in it or not. Mechanical examination of hydrogel membranes presented suitable tensile strength of 19.36 MPa for 0.1 mL Clove oil. Furthermore, water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) and moisture retention capability (MRC) for 0.1 mL clove oil was 36.22 g/m2h and 95.50%, respectively. The experimental conclusion nominated that fabricated hydrogel articulates good antibacterial, mechanical and physical properties that it could be used in wound dressing applications. The best results were obtained for clove oil using 0.1 mL as an antibacterial agent.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10924-020-01866-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
2
Atta Ur Rehman School of Applied Bio‑Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
3
School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing, Coventry University Coventry, Coventry, UK
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Journal of Polymers and the Environment
Graphic Abstract
Keywords Hydrogel · Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) · Starch · Clove oil · Tea tree oil · Oregano oil · Antibacterial activity
Introduction Over the past few decades, membrane technology has gained the significant importance in finding its applications in desalination, food processing and medical fields. But since last few years, the hydrogel
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