Synthesis of Layered Titanate Micro/nano-materials for Efficient Pollutant Treatment in Aqueous Media
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Synthesis of Layered Titanate Micro/nano-materials for Efficient Pollutant Treatment in Aqueous Media Y. X. Tang1, Y. K. Lai1, 2, D. G. Gong1, Zhili Dong1 and Z. Chen1 1
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore. 2 State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China. [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT In this work, the one dimensional (1D) titanate nanotubes (TNT)/nanowires (TNW), bulk titanate micro-particles (TMP), and three dimensional (3D) titanate microsphere particles (TMS) with high specific surface area were synthesized via different approaches. The chemical composition and structure of these products have been characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) study and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The as-prepared TMS shows excellent adsorption performance compared with TMP, TNW and TNT when methylene blue (MB) and PbII ions are used as representative organic and inorganic pollutants. INTRODUCTION Recently, a new hydrothermal approach to fabricate the titanate material has attracted wide attentions [1, 2]. Layered titanate nanomaterials possessing the similar properties and applications with conventional TiO2 nanomaterials (e.g., wide-bandgap semiconductor, photocatalysts), show the excellent ion exchange [3], absorption [4-7], photoelectronic properties [8], high rate rechargeable for lithium battery [9] and so on. To satisfy the requirement of different applications, the exploration of novel approaches for microstructure controlled titanate nanostructures never stopped. Up to now, the synthesis of 1D and two-dimensional (2D) nanotitanate has been widely investigated and well developed. For examples, 1D titanate nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods, and 2D titanate sheets can be synthesized by different methods (e.g. hydrothermal method, high-temperature oxidation, molten-salt synthesis, and exfoliation), among which hydrothermal synthesis is the most widely used method. The recent investigations have recently demonstrated that 3D hierarchical structures could improve the properties of materials in catalysis, biomedical, absorption, photoelectric, and so forth due to their highly porous structure and their superior properties (e.g. high specific surface area & quantum-size effects). However, it is still challenging to produce 3D hierarchically elaborate shape of titanate over multiple scales and the synthesis is uncommon. Inspired by a recent electrochemical anodization to form TiO2 nanotube thin films by anodization of Ti foils [10-17], a facile and inexpensive scheme for producing 3D titanate materials was introduced in this work. When used as adsorbent in waste-water treatment, the asprepared layered titanates (TMS, TNT, TNW, and TMP) exhibit a good ability to remove methylene blue dye and toxic lead ions.
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EXPERIMENT In a typical process, the commercial TiO2 powder (~2
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