Systemic structural modular generalization of the crystallography of bound water applied to study the mechanisms of proc
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ACE AND THIN FILMS Dedicated to the memory of B.K. Vainshtein
Systemic Structural Modular Generalization of the Crystallography of Bound Water Applied to Study the Mechanisms of Processes in Biosystems at the Atomic and Molecular Level N. A. Bulienkov Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991 Russia email: [email protected] Received February 10, 2011
Abstract—The main reasons of the modern scientific revolution, one of the consequences of which are nan otechnologies and the development of interdisciplinary overall natural science (which can build potentially possible atomic structures and study the mechanisms of the processes occurring in them), are considered. The unifying role of crystallography in the accumulation of interdisciplinary knowledge is demonstrated. This generalization of crystallography requires the introduction of a new concept: a module which reflects the universal condition for stability of all real and potential and equilibrium and nonequilibrium structures of matter (their connectivity). A modular generalization of crystallography covers all forms of solids, including the structure of bound water (a systemforming matrix for the selforganization and morphogenesis of hier archical biosystems which determines the metric selection of all other structural components of these sys tems). A dynamic model of the water surface layer, which serves as a matrix in the formation of Langmuir monolayers and plays a key role in the occurrence of life on the Earth, is developed. DOI: 10.1134/S1063774511040043
INTRODUCTION A general crisis has been clearly outlined in natural science over the last two decades. This crisis has the following roots: (i) reductionism and the absence of an interdisci plinary relationship between different sciences in spite of the fact that they tend to come closer (especially with biology) in the development of new materials by nanotechnology; (ii) the absence of direct experimental and theoret ical methods for studying the structures of aperiodic and nonequilibrium materials, which have a more complex structure than crystals; (iii) the ignorance of structural cooperative mech anisms of different processes (especially selforganiza tion and morphogenesis) and possible transformations in the aforementioned materials. One of the reasons for the deep crisis in modern science is the dominance of positivistic views on acquiring new knowledge. Theories are derived from empirical facts using rational induction; therefore, theories and hypotheses are secondary with respect to facts and are of independent importance. Hence, one can conclude that the necessary conditions for a scien tific revolution are formed only through the accumu lation of new experimental knowledge and its further generalization. As a result, there must be a transition from instrumental to conceptual revolution.
The other, no less important, reasons for this scien tific revolution are as follows: (i) the exhaustion of fundamenta
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