Tear proteomic profile in three distinct ocular surface diseases: keratoconus, pterygium, and dry eye related to graft-v
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inical Proteomics Open Access
RESEARCH
Tear proteomic profile in three distinct ocular surface diseases: keratoconus, pterygium, and dry eye related to graft‑versus‑host disease Daniel de Almeida Borges1* , Marcos Rodrigo Alborghetti2, Adriana Franco Paes Leme3, Romenia Ramos Domingues3, Bruna Duarte1, Melina Veiga1, Marilia Trindade Ferrer1, Ana Claudia Viana Wanzeler1, Carlos Eduardo Leite Arieta1 and Monica Alves1
Abstract Background: Diseases of the anterior segment of the eye may present different mechanisms, intensity of symptoms, and impact on the patients’ quality of life and vision. The tear film is in direct contact with the ocular surface and cornea and can be easily accessed for sample collection, figuring as a promising source of potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment control. This study aimed to evaluate tear proteomic profile in 3 distinct ocular diseases: keratoconus (corneal ectasia), severe dry eye related to graft-versus-host-disease (tear film dysfunction and ocular inflammatory condition) and pterygium (conjunctival fibrovascular degenerative disease). Methods: Tear samples were collected from patients of each condition and a control group. By using mass spectrometric analysis combined with statistics and bioinformatics tools, a detailed comparison of protein profile was performed. Results: After Student’s t-test analyses comparing each condition to the control group, we found the following number of differentially expressed proteins: 7 in keratoconus group, 29 in pterygium group, and 79 in GVHD group. Following multivariate analyses, we also report potential candidates as biomarkers for each disease. Conclusions: We demonstrated herein that mass spectrometry-based proteomics was able to indicate proteins that differentiate three distinct ocular conditions, which is a promising tool for the diagnosis of ocular diseases. Keywords: Keratoconus, Dry eye, Pterygium, Tear film, Proteomics Background Ocular surface diseases encompass a wide range of conditions associated with corneal and conjunctival structures, tear film imbalance and adnexal glands dysfunction. Distinct disorders may commune similar clinical presentation despite significant differences in pathophysiological mechanisms [1]. Tear fluid plays an essential role in the *Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
ocular surface through its lubricating properties and by providing nutrient supply and protection against infection and other hazards. Tear film complex composition contains proteins, such as enzymes, mucins, hormones, growth factors, neuropeptides, cytokines along with lipids, salts, and carbohydrates [2]. Ocular surface diseases carry profound variations on tear contents. Tears can be easily accessed and collected through minimally invasive methods; thus its analysis represents a promising approach
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