Temperature-responsive and multi-responsive grafted polymer brushes with transitions based on critical solution temperat
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INVITED ARTICLE
Temperature-responsive and multi-responsive grafted polymer brushes with transitions based on critical solution temperature: synthesis, properties, and applications Yurij Stetsyshyn 1 & Joanna Raczkowska 2 & Khrystyna Harhay 1 & Katarzyna Gajos 2 & Yuriy Melnyk 1 & Paweł Dąbczyński 2 & Tetiana Shevtsova 1 & Andrzej Budkowski 2 Received: 7 May 2020 / Revised: 27 August 2020 / Accepted: 4 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Temperature responsivity of polymer brushes may be driven by different mechanisms, from which the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) is the most famous one. The using of the grafted temperature-responsive polymer brushes based on LCST opens numerous opportunities for fabrication of “smart” or responsive surfaces. In this review, we try to join information on thermoresponsive and multi-responsive grafted polymer brushes with transitions based on LCST. The overwhelming majority of previously reported temperature-responsive grafted polymer brush coatings were based on PNIPAM and POEGMA, despite the fact that a wide range of other thermoresponsive polymers demonstrate similar properties. In this work, we not only give the detailed account for fabrication, mechanisms of action, and applications of well-known PNIPAM- and POEGMA-grafted brush coatings but also point to other types of thermoresponsive grafted brushes. Keywords Stimuli-responsive polymer grafted brush coatings . LCST . Cell cultivation . Protein adsorption
Introduction Temperature-sensitive grafted polymer brushes are ultrathin polymer coatings consisting of polymer chains that are tethered with one chain end to an interface, which generally is a solid substrate [1–3]. They have unique ability to change their physico-chemical properties reversibly in relatively small temperature intervals [4–6]. In general, depending on the grafting density of the polymer chains, conformations of grafted brushes are classified to three different types (pancake, mushroom, and brush-type, Fig. 1) [7–9]. At high grafting densities, when the distance between neighboring grafting points is small, steric repulsion leads to chain stretching and * Yurij Stetsyshyn [email protected] * Joanna Raczkowska [email protected] 1
Lviv Polytechnic National University, S. Bandery 12, Lviv 79013, Ukraine
2
Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
a brush-type conformation of the surface-tethered chains. At lower grafting densities, surface-tethered polymer chains can adopt two other conformations, which are referred to as mushroom and pancake. In fact, the chain density corresponding to the conformation transition is unique for each polymer type, and conformations of different grafted brushes vary at the same grafting density. For polyacrylamide, the mushroom to brush transition at grafting density around 0.065 chains per nm2 was demonstrated [10, 11]. In most cases, covalent anchoring of the polymer chains to the substrate is t
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