Temporal peaks in social information: prospectors investigate conspecific nests after a simulated predator visit
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Temporal peaks in social information: prospectors investigate conspecific nests after a simulated predator visit Robert L. Thomson & Päivi M. Sirkiä & Alexandre Villers & Toni Laaksonen
Received: 9 November 2012 / Revised: 27 February 2013 / Accepted: 1 March 2013 / Published online: 14 March 2013 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Abstract Individuals of many taxa gather social information in order to make informed decisions with lowered unpredictability. Social information may show temporal periods of higher information value during certain events. However, the value of information is expected to decrease with time since the event and individuals accessing this information are expected to do so quickly. In birds, prospectors visit the nests of other individuals to gather information about reproductive decisions and breeding success. Individuals are known to prospect even during their own breeding to access this information. We investigated prospecting behavior of pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) at conspecific nests within a short time period following a simulated predator visit. We performed predator and control presentations at flycatcher nests, and recorded all prospectors (foreign conspecific individuals) visiting these nests within 45-min periods before and after the presentations. We found a significant increase in conspecific prospectors visiting focal nests after the presentation of a predator near the nest. The prospectors in our data comprised mainly pied flycatchers actively breeding in the neighborhood of the focal nest. We also found that the increase in prospecting at these nests is of short-duration, and that prospecting rates decreased back to background prospecting levels relatively quickly. Our results find support for the prediction that individuals may respond to temporally peaking value of information after certain observable events. This result suggests that prospecting may be especially aimed at specific periods of high information value.
Communicated by P. A. Bednekoff R. L. Thomson (*) : P. M. Sirkiä : A. Villers : T. Laaksonen Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Public information . Prospecting . Habitat selection . Predation risk . Offspring investment . Eavesdropping
Introduction Animals gather information about their environment and use it in crucial decisions that may impact their survival and reproductive output (Dall et al. 2005). For an animal, information gathered from cues is thought to decrease unpredictability about the environment. The source of cues may frequently be the observed behavior and decision making of other individuals in the same environment, termed social or public information. Cueing on these observable events is known to impact both current and future decision making (Danchin et al. 2004; Dall et al. 2005). Discrete events with fitness consequences for others are potential opportunities to acquire public or social information. A conceptual model by
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