Tensile properties of polyacrylonitrile- and pitch-based hybrid carbon fiber/polyimide composites with some nanoparticle
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Tensile properties of polyacrylonitrile- and pitch-based hybrid carbon fiber/polyimide composites with some nanoparticles in the matrix Kimiyoshi Naito
Received: 24 December 2012 / Accepted: 7 February 2013 / Published online: 16 February 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract The tensile properties and fracture behavior of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)- and pitch-based hybrid carbon fiber/polyimide composites with several types of nanoparticles (25 nm C, 20–30 nm b-SiC, 130 nm b-SiC, 80 nm SiO2, and 300 nm SiO2) added to the matrix were investigated. The tensile stress–strain curves of PAN- and pitchbased hybrid carbon fiber/polyimide composites with 25 nm C, 20–30 nm b-SiC, and 80 nm SiO2 nanoparticles have complex shapes (jagged trace), whereas the tensile response of hybrid carbon fiber/polyimide composites with 130 nm b-SiC and 300 nm SiO2 nanoparticles indicates an instantaneous failure. The stress after the initial failure in hybrid carbon fiber/polyimide composites improves by adding 25 nm C, 20–30 nm b-SiC, and 80 nm SiO2 nanoparticles to the matrix and correlates with the fracture toughness of the polyimide matrix.
Introduction Fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites are commonly used materials in aerospace, automotive, and sporting goods industries [1, 2]. A large number of these composites are used in lightweight and/or dimensionally stabilized structural materials because of their high specific strength and modulus, and low thermal expansion; however, their use is limited to highly specialized situations in which conditions such as brittle fracture behavior arise. By mixing two or more types of fibers in a common matrix to form
K. Naito (&) Hybrid Materials Unit, Composite Materials Group, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Ibaraki, Japan e-mail: [email protected]
hybrid fiber/polymer composites may create materials possessing the combined properties of the individual composite [3]. There have been several papers on the advantages and applications of hybrid fiber/polymer composites around 1980 [3–5]. Earlier, in 1972, Hayashi et al. [6] have discussed the tensile properties of a carbon/glass hybrid fiber/epoxy composite and proposed a hybrid-design method on the basis of the rule of mixtures. Moreover, Short et al. [7, 8], Hardaker et al. [9], and Chou et al. [10] have reviewed several hybrid fiber/polymer composites. In general, carbon/glass and carbon/aramid hybrid fiber were mainly used in previous investigations that explored the cost-effective utilization of expensive fibers by using them in hybrid fiber/polymer composites [5]. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)- and pitch-based carbon fibers are widely used as reinforcement in carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composites because of their high specific strength and modulus [11–13]. The development of carbon fibers has been advancing in two directions: high-strength fibers with very high tensile strength and adequately high strain-to-failure (approximately 2 %) and high-modulus fibers
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