The application portfolio empowerment method and ELECTRE-I for optimising the control of ammonia release during the aero
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RESEARCH PAPER
The application portfolio empowerment method and ELECTRE‑I for optimising the control of ammonia release during the aerobic fermentation process Yuanyuan Wu1,2 · Haoming Li1,2 · Shuai Zou1,2 · Guomin Wang1,2 · Haifu Jiang1,2 · Fuchuan Huang1,2 Received: 3 July 2020 / Accepted: 4 November 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Aerobic fermentation composting can transform solid organic waste into biological organic fertiliser, while reducing resource wastage and ecological damage. However, in the composting process, a serious loss of nitrogen occurs, primarily in the form of the release of ammonia gas. The release of ammonia gas not only pollutes the environment, but also diminishes the presence of nutrient elements, resulting in compost products that are lower in quality. Given that many factors influence the release of ammonia gas during the aerobic fermentation process, it is difficult to determine optimal process parameters. In an effort to address this issue, we propose herein a combinational weighting method based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weighting method to determine the weight of each secondary index. We also establish a parametric optimisation model based on the ammonia release conditions of the ELECTRE-I method that provides a theoretical underpinning and a decision basis for optimising the process parameters that mediate the release of ammonia during the aerobic fermentation process. This method can be widely employed to reduce the release of ammonia gas and may be of significance to the future development of bioengineering-based composting technology. Keywords ELECTRE-I method · Aerobic fermentation · Ammonia gas release · Agricultural waste
Introduction
* Fuchuan Huang [email protected] Yuanyuan Wu [email protected] Haoming Li [email protected] Shuai Zou [email protected] Guomin Wang [email protected] Haifu Jiang [email protected] 1
College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
Key Laboratory of Guangxi Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Guangxi, Nanning 530004, China
2
Aerobic composting is a biological process wherein organic wastes are gradually stabilised and humidified by undergoing a variety of biological, chemical and physical activities mediated by oxygen and microorganisms [1]. It also serves as an effective means of reducing waste, is harmless and resource efficient [2, 3]. The aerobic fermentation process is graphically illustrated in Fig. 1. Its essence is that aerobic microorganism decomposes and digests the organic matter in the waste under the condition of sufficient oxygen, and a large amount of heat is released [4]. With the continuous improvement of global environmental protection measures, the society has been paying more and more attention to the field of organic solid waste treatment and aerobic fermentation technology [5]. However, any fermentation process entails loss of effective nutrients. In aerobic fer
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