The Black Sea Flood Question: Changes in Coastline, Climate, and Human Settlement
Stimulated by "Noah’s Flood Hypothesis" proposed by W. Ryan and W. Pitman in which a catastrophic inundation of the Pontic basin was linked to the biblical story, leading experts in Black Sea research (including oceanography, marine geology, paleoclimate,
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The Black Sea Flood Question Changes in Coastline, Climate and Human Settlement
The Black Sea Flood Question: Changes in Coastline, Climate, and Human Settlement
The Black Sea Flood Question: Changes in Coastline, Climate, and Human Settlement
Edited by
Valentina Yanko-Hombach Avalon Institute for Applied Science, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Allan S. Gilbert Fordham University, Bronx, NY, U.S.A.
Nicolae Panin National Institute of Marine Geology and Geo-ecology, Bucharest, Romania
Pavel M. Dolukhanov University of Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 ISBN-13 ISBN-10 ISBN-13
1-4020-4774-6 (HB) 978-1-4020-4774-9 (HB) 1-4020-5302-9 (e-book) 978-1-4020-5302-3 (e-book)
Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Cover illustrations: Front cover: Physiographic map of the Caspian-Azov-Black-Marmara-Aegean Sea corridor produced using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) Software based on topographic data from USGS– NOAA/GTOPO30 and NASA-SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission), and bathymetric data from GEBCO/97–BODC (General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans). Map appears courtesy of O. Tan and T. Taymaz, Istanbul Technical University.
Back cover: A view northward along the central part of the Turkish Black Sea coast showing the discontinuous, zigzagging coastline formed by conjugated pairs of oblique faults. The village sits on an elevated ancient sea terrace. Photo appears courtesy of Y. Ylmaz, Kadir Has Üniversitesi, Istanbul.
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved © 2007 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface........................................................................................................ xi Introduction................................................................................................ xix Victor R. Baker List of contributors..................................................................................... xxv
General 1 Oxic, suboxic, and anoxic conditions in the Black Sea......................... James W. Murray, Keith Stewart, Steven Kassakian, Marta Krynytzky, and Doug DiJulio Molluscan paleoecology in the reconstruction of coastal changes.................................................................................................. Daniela Basso and Cesare Corselli
1
2
Climate modeling results for the Circum-Pontic Region from the late Pleistocene to the mid-Holocene.............................................. Alexander V. Kislov and Pavel M. Toropov
23
3
47
Principal Flood Scenarios 4 Status of the Black Sea flood hypothesis..
