The Chemistry of Single-Walled Nanotubes
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been made to synthesize SWNTs enriched with a particular conductivity8,9 and to separate SWNTs based on conductivity,10,11 many of these methods exhibit limitations in purity and scalability. This issue of SWNT purification is just one example of the many issues plaguing the SWNT community. This article will review some basics of carbon nanotubes; a more thorough discussion can be found elsewhere.12
Single-Walled Nanotubes
Background on Carbon Nanotubes
Michael S. Strano, Ardemis A. Boghossian, Woo-Jae Kim, Paul W. Barone, Esther S. Jeng, Daniel A. Heller, Nitish Nair, Hong Jin, Richa Sharma, Chang Young Lee This article is based on the Outstanding Young Investigator Award presentation given by Michael S. Strano at the 2008 MRS Spring Meeting on March 26, 2008, in San Francisco. Strano was recognized for “his innovative work on single-walled carbon nanotube chemical modifications, both fundamental and applied, and for pioneering a new class of nearinfrared sensor architectures based upon clinically induced optical modulation of carbon nanotubes.”
Abstract The unique structural, electronic, and mechanical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have opened the doors to developments that push the limits of science. These advancements not only further scientific discovery, but also result in the development of everyday practical applications. These applications vary from singlemolecule sensors to nano-scaled transistors to multi-modal biosensors. This article focuses on three distinct developments made as a result of recent advances in spectroscopy of SWNTs. The first system examines the use of SWNTs for molecular detection using near-infrared light to produce tunable fluorescent sensors that are highly photostable. The second system examines the use of a 4-hydroxybenzene diazonium reagent to sort SWNTs based on electronic structure to create on-chip modifications of nano-electronic devices. The third system characterizes nanotube networks for such applications as flexible electronics, exploring the irreversible binding of adsorbates onto nanotube networks using electrical transport and Raman spectroscopy.
Introduction This article summarizes the work our group has done on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), focusing exclusively on what we have done in the past four years in pioneering several applications, particularly biomolecule detection. Up until this point, SWNTs have been primarily used for their mechanical properties in producing high tensile strength materials1,2 and their electrical properties in producing transistors in electrical circuits.3,4 Although the conductive properties of SWNTs have led to the extension of SWNT applications to gas sensors,5–7 these sensors nonetheless exhibit limitations in sensitivity, selectivity, and 950
electrical input requirements. Our group has contributed to addressing these limitations with the development of fluorescentbased sensors. In addition to the development of new technologies, our group also has addressed the important problem of carbon nano
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