The Effect of Cooling Conditions on the Evolution of Non-metallic Inclusions in High Manganese TWIP Steels
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THE demand for high-quality steels for automobile production is on the rise during the past decades.[1] Twin-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels, which show good mechanical properties, such as high strength, excellent ductility, and high energy absorption capacities, are being developed for automobile industry.[2–4] In addition, the fuel efficiency of cars can be improved and the amount of gas emissions decreased by reducing the weight of automobile body.[5] Aluminum is added in TWIP steels to achieve this target. The aluminum addition into TWIP steels not only reduces the specific weight, but also increases the stacking fault energy (SFE).[6–8] Besides, the aluminum addition into TWIP steels suppresses delayed fracture in press-formed parts effectively.[5,9–14]
YU-NAN WANG and RUI-ZHI WANG Researchers, and JIAN YANG, Professor, are with the Steelmaking Research Department, Research Institute, Baosteel Group Corporation, Shanghai 201900, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] XIU-LING XIN, Master, and LONG-YUN XU, Doctoral Candidate, are with the School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P.R. China. Manuscript submitted July 7, 2015. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
Although the mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms of high Mn-Al-alloyed steels have garnered the most attention,[15] the investigations on characterization of the non-metallic inclusions in high manganese TWIP steels have just been noted recently. Since the mechanical properties and hot-working behavior are determined to a large extent by metallurgical impurity of steel, related to the presence of non-metallic inclusions, among other factors,[16] the characteristic of inclusions in high manganese TWIP steels is worthy of investigation. Gigacher et al.[17] investigated endogenous inclusions in some high-alloy TRIP and TWIP steels with the help of the automated SEM/EDS inclusion analysis system. Grajcar et al.[16,18] determined an influence of the effectiveness of the modification of the chemical composition and morphology of non-metallic inclusions by rare earth elements in advanced high strength steels. J. Park et al.[19] investigated the effects of Al and Mn contents on the size, composition, and threedimensional morphologies of inclusions formed in Fe-xMn-yAl (x = 10 and 20 mass pct, y = 1, 3, and 6 mass pct) steels. They divided the inclusions formed in the Fe-Mn-Al-alloyed steels into seven types according to chemistry and morphology. Zhuang et al.[4] investigated endogenous inclusions formed in Fe-25Mn3Si-3Al TWIP steels in laboratorial ingot, mold casting
after AOD steelmaking and electroslag remelting (ESR) process at industrial plant, respectively. Von Schweinichen et al.[1] revealed the effects of such casting parameters as superheat, pouring rate, hot top, and stirring conditions on the solidification and cleanliness of low carbon-alloyed and high manganese-alloyed steels. Unfortunately, the effect of cooling conditions on the evolution of non-metallic inclusions in high manganese T
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