The effect of focus size and intensity on stone fragmentation in SWL on a piezoelectric lithotripter
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The effect of focus size and intensity on stone fragmentation in SWL on a piezoelectric lithotripter Julian Veser1 · Victoria Jahrreiss1 · Christian Seitz1 · Mehmet Özsoy1,2 Received: 8 May 2019 / Accepted: 27 December 2019 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose We aim to analyze the efficacy of different focus sizes and the influence of pulse pressure (intensity) during shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) in terms of stone fragmentation. Methods Combination of three focal sizes (F1 = 2 mm, F2 = 4 mm, F3 = 8 mm) and 11 output pressure settings (intensity 10–20) of a piezoelectric lithotripter (Wolf PiezoLith 3000) were tested on artificial stones (n = 99). The stones were placed within a 2 mm mesh cage. The needed number of shockwaves (SW) to first visible crack, 50% and 100% stone disintegration were recorded. Results Similar number of SW’s were observed until the first crack 10, 11 and 11 SW’s for F1, F2, and F3, respectively (p > 0,05). The median number of SW needed for 50% stone disintegration was 245 for F1 group, 242 for F2 group and 656 for F3 group. F1 vs F2 p = 0.7, F1 vs F3 and F2 vs F3 p
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