The Effect of Physical Activity Interventions on Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA 1c ) in Non-diabetic Populations: A Syste
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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
The Effect of Physical Activity Interventions on Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in Non-diabetic Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis ´ lvarez-Bueno1 • Iva´n Cavero-Redondo1 • Ba´rbara Peleteiro2,3 • Celia A Enrique G. Artero4 • Miriam Garrido-Miguel1 • Vicente Martinez-Vizcaı´no1,5
Ó Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract Background Physical activity is widely perceived to be beneficial for preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus and for controlling glycaemic levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, but evidence supporting a positive effect in the control of glycaemic levels in healthy people is rather weak. The aim of this review was to estimate the effect of physical activity on glycaemic control measured by glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in non-diabetic populations, and to determine which type of physical activity has a greater influence on glycaemic control. Methods We systematically searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases, from inception to May 2017, for experimental studies addressing the effect of physical activity on glycaemic control measured by HbA1c levels in non-diabetic populations. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0861-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. ´ lvarez-Bueno & Celia A [email protected] 1
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
2
EPIUnit-Instituto de Sau´de Pu´blica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
3
Departamento de Cieˆncias da Sau´de Pu´blica e Forenses e Educac¸a˜o Me´dica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
4
SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), University of Almerı´a, Almerı´a, Spain
5
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Auto´noma de Chile, Talca, Chile
to compute pooled estimates of effect size (ES) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The effect of physical activity on HbA1c levels was estimated in two ways: (1) physical activity intervention versus control; and (2) physical activity pre–post intervention. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed based on age of participants and different aspects of the intervention. Results Fifteen published studies were included in the meta-analysis. In analyses comparing physical activity intervention and control, we found a decrease of HbA1c levels in favour of the intervention group (ES = 0.32; 95% CI 0.01–0.62) with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 63.2%; p = 0.008). In the pre–post analysis, there was a decrease in HbA1c levels post physical activity intervention (ES = 0.17; 95% CI 0.01–0.33) with low heterogeneity (I2 = 25.8%; p = 0.164). Additionally, for physical activity intervention versus control, a decrease in HbA1c levels was observed in resistance exercise and in intervention length below 12 weeks. Furthermore, for pre–post effect analyses, a decrease in
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