The Effects of Phonological Short Term Memory on Lexical and Grammatical Production Skills in Persian Children with Deve
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The Effects of Phonological Short Term Memory on Lexical and Grammatical Production Skills in Persian Children with Developmental Language Disorder Toktam Maleki Shahmahmood1 · Zahra Soleymani2 · Yalda Kazemi3 · Fatemeh Haresabadi1 · Negar Eghbal4 · Homa Kazemi1 · Somayeh Amin1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The deficit in verbal working memory (vWM) skills has been frequently reported in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and may contribute to their problems in language. This study aimed to compare the phonological short-term memory (pSTM) and linguistic skills between Persian-speaking children with DLD and typical language development (TLD) to explore the role that pSTM plays in lexical and grammatical problems of children with DLD. This study included 32 Persian-speaking children who were divided into two groups of DLD (n = 16) and TLD (n = 16) within the age range from 6 to 8 years. The Persian non-word repetition test was employed as the measure of pSTM. Lexical and grammatical indices were extracted from narrative generations. Independent-samples t test was used to analyze the group-related differences in vWM, lexical, and grammatical skills. Moreover, the one-way ANCOVA analysis by controlling for NWR was utilized as the covariate to investigate the effects of vWM on linguistic performances. According to the results, the children with DLD scored significantly lower on NWR task and all lexical and grammatical measures, compared to TLD children (P 1). The group-related differences disappeared after controlling for NWR (P > 0.05). The results show that Persianspeaking children with DLD experience significant difficulties in pSTM skills, which affect their lexical and grammatical performances. Keywords Developmental language disorder (DLD) · Lexical performance · Morphosyntax · Non-word repetition · Verbal working memory
Introduction Language is a well-organized device for human communication and thinking. The acquisition of language by young children is an automatic process and occurs easily through interaction with the environment. However, not all children develop it effortlessly. Developmental language disorder (DLD) refers to children with apparent problems in spoken * Zahra Soleymani [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Journal of Psycholinguistic Research
language and communication with unknown biomedical or neurodevelopmental causes whose problems persist beyond 5 years of age (Norbury 2017). Until recently, this disorder has been mostly known as specific language impairment or primary language impairment by researchers and clinicians. However, the term DLD was suggested and agreed by the international CATALISE consortium of clinicians, educators, parents, and researchers (Bishop et al. 2016). The DLD affects both comprehension and production modalities in different aspects of language and results in apparent language difficulties, such as obvious
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