The effects of spatial clustering of public facilities on social equity and urban congestion in the city of Batna (Alger
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The effects of spatial clustering of public facilities on social equity and urban congestion in the city of Batna (Algeria) Abdelhalim Bendib
Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This study explores the anarchic situation in the distribution of public facilities in the city of Batna, and their negative impact on motorized mobility (travel, the influx in the city center, urban congestion, etc.). To analyze this situation a geographic information system (GIS) and geographical database were developed. For this purpose, we used the Unified Modelling Language approach to design an operational model for our GIS. Several spatial indices commonly used to explore the concentration of public facilities in the city center and their effects on urban congestion were examined, including the Hot spot (Getis-Ord Gi*), Ripley’s K function, and the average nearest neighbor. The results obtained show that 197 facilities (35%) are clustered on 13% of districts often characterized by small area (856 ha) and low density of population (118 inhabitants/ha), while 246 facilities (44%) are dispersed over an area of 1875 ha with more than 141 inhabitants/ha. These results obtained in the study could be used as an efficient method for urban studies and strategies. Keywords Urbanization Batna city GIS Public facilities Urban congestion
A. Bendib (&) Department of Geography and Spatial Planning, University of Oran 2, Oran, Algeria e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction Today, the increase in the urban perimeter has generated many problems and crises related to the development of the peri-urbanization, the problem of managing urban networks (Boutrid and Kalla 2015), safety issues in informal settlements (Naceur 2013) and more recently a huge urban sprawl (Dridi et al. 2015). This is the result of a spatial dynamic that is not accompanied by appropriate instrumentation. Moreover, it is recognized that the urban planning instruments in Algeria are necessary for planning and management, but they remain unable to fully play the role assigned by law 90–29. Indeed, the in-depth reflection on the methods of management of the city of Batna by the classical instruments implemented reveals the importance and the need to introduce new digital technologies, namely Geomatic techniques, moving from a simple classical and standard planning to a new vision of territorial intelligence. This allows us to save time and resources for better knowledge and mastery of the studied environment. In an era of rapid emerging of big cities and the rapid influx of population into the cities, public facilities become one of the main objects of criticism (Zhao et al. 2016). Spatial distribution of public facilities is an important parameter for urban planning (Taleai et al. 2014) and an important challenge for the government and local authorities (Tahmasbi et al. 2019). Various studies have been carried out (Dadashpoor et al. 2016; Tahmasbi et al. 2019), and different
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