The Evolution of Mammalian Characters
This book is not intended to give a full and comprehensive account of the Mesozoic mammals, and nor is it intended as a handbook for research workers studying pre-Tertiary mammals. Our intention is to give an account of the origin and evolution of certain
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The Evolution of Characters D. M. Kermack and K. A. Kermack Illustrated by A. J. Lee
CROOM HELM London & Sydney KAPITAN SZABO PUBLISHERS Washington DC
© 1984 Doris M. Kermack and Kenneth A. Kermack Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1984 Croom Helm Ltd, Provident House, Burrell Row, Beckenham, Kent BR3 1AT Croom Helm Australia Pty Ltd, First Floor, 139 King Street, Sydney, NSW 2001, AustraJia British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Kermack, D. M. The evolution of mammalian characters. 1. Mammals - Evolution I. Title II. Kermack, K. A. 599.03 QL708.5 ISBN 978-1-4684-7819-8 ISBN 978-1-4684-7817-4 (eBook) DOT 10.1007/978-1-4684-7817-4
Published by KAPITAN SZABO PUBLISHERS in the United States and Canada 1740 Lanier Place N W Washington 0 C 20009 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Kermack, D. M. The evolution of mammalian characters. Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Mammals, Fossil. 2. Mammals-Evolution. I. Kermack, K. A. II. Title. QE88l.K45 1984 569 84-5783 ISBN 978-1-4684-7819-8 (Kapitan Szabo)
CONTENTS
Introduction
vii
Chapter 1 The Ancestors of the Mammals Earliest vertebrates Anamniotes and amniotes Sauropsida and Theropsida The Synapsida The Pelycosauria References
17
Chapter 2 The Therapsids
18
Anomodontia Theriodontia Gorgonopsia Therocephalia Bauriomorpha Cynodontia References
18 19 19 23 25 27 36
Chapter 3 Specialised Cynodont Derivatives
37
Chiniquodontidae Ictidosauria Dromatherium and Microconodon Teeth from the Wurttemburg Bone-bed Tritylodontidae Haramiyidae References
37 39 40 40 40 44 46
Chapter 4 The First Mammals
48
The definition of a mammal The time of origin of the mammals Primitive mammals Morganucodon - an early atherian mammal Kuehneotherium - an early therian mammal References
48 49 51 53 59 64
Chapter 5 Dentitions, Tooth-replacement and Jaw Articulation
66
Dental terminology Tooth replacement
66 66
5 6 10 11
v
VI
Contents
Evolution of mammalian canines Evolution of mammalian cheek-teeth The bones of the lower jaw References
68 79 85 87
Chapter 6 The Evolution of Mammalian Sight and Hearing
89
The competitors of early mammals Sight in a nocturnal environment The olfactory sense in the nocturnal environment Hearing in mammal-like reptiles The location of the tympanic membrane Location by sound The evolution of the mammalian middle ear References
89 90 91 91 93
95 97 99
Chapter 7 The Completion of the First Stage of Mammalian Evolution in the Middle Jurassic
100
Stones field mammals Other Middle Jurassic mammals References
100 104 105
Chapter 8 The Mammals of the Upper Jurassic
106
The Durdlestone (Durlston) Bay mammals The mammals of the Morrison Formation The Guimarota mammals Other Upper Jurassic faunas Triconodonta Docodonta Multituberculata Pantotheria References
106 108 109 115 117 124 129
Chapter 9 The Mammals of the Lower Cretaceous
131
Wealden Mammals Asian Lower Cretaceous mammals The origin of marsupials and placentals References
111 111
131 134
135 138
Chapter 10 Epilogue
140
Index
143
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