The Franciscan Invention of the New World
This book examines the story of the ‘discovery of America’ through the prism of the history of the Franciscans, a socio-religious movement with a unique doctrine of voluntary poverty. The Franciscans rapidly developed global dimensions, but their often pa
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M I D D L E
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The Franciscan Invention of the New World Julia McClure
The New Middle Ages Series Editor Bonnie Wheeler English & Medieval Studies Southern Methodist University Dallas, Texas, USA
The New Middle Ages is a series dedicated to pluridisciplinary studies of medieval cultures, with particular emphasis on recuperating women’s history and on feminist and gender analyses. This peer-reviewed series includes both scholarly monographs and essay collections.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14239
Julia McClure
The Franciscan Invention of the New World
Julia McClure University of Warwick Conventry, United Kingdom
The New Middle Ages ISBN 978-3-319-43022-5 ISBN 978-3-319-43023-2 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-43023-2
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016959482 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover illustration: © Coronelli globe, Museo della Specola Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
PROLOGUE, THE STORY
In 1492 a model of the world was invented: from the city of Nuremberg Martin Behaim produced the first terrestrial globe, which he named the Erdapfel, or Earth Apple. As Behaim’s associate, George Glockendon, painted the Atlantic on the surface of this globe, the Genoese navigator Christopher Columbus and the Spanish pilot Martín Alonso Pinzón were sailing across this space. Columbus’ interpretation of this world was influenced by the same medieval intellectual cultures driving the construction in Nuremberg: classical authorities such as Ptolemy and medieval travelogues from explorers such as Marco Polo. Yet Columbus was also influenced by another powerhouse of medieval ideas: the Franciscan Order. The Franciscans were a m
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