The Geography of Underdevelopment Institutions and the Impact of Cul
This book examines why the differences in comparative economic development across the world have a geographical pattern. It argues that there is a missing component in the geography versus institutions debate, namely the role of culture and its impact eit
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Mariam Khawar
The Geography of Underdevelopment Institutions and the Impact of Culture
Mariam Khawar Economics Elmira College Elmira, New York, United States
ISBN 978-1-137-55347-8 DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-55348-5
ISBN 978-1-137-55348-5 (eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017937323 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: Détail de la Tour Eiffel © nemesis2207/Fotolia.co.uk Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Nature America Inc. The registered company address is: 1 New York Plaza, New York, NY 10004, U.S.A.
For Abbajan, without whom this book would not have started and Paul, without whom it would not have been completed
PREFACE
Growing up in Pakistan, I took it as a given that ten months of the year the whole country was united in enduring the suffering brought about by the heat, humidity, scorching sun and abundant opportunity for infectious diseases. We would return home from school with our uniforms plastered to our bodies and drenched in sweat (our uniforms were grey and enhanced the appearance of every drop of moisture). Gym classes meant possible fainting spells from dehydration. After-school sports meant that the 3:00–4:30 pm practice times were the slots that we dreaded the most, as the sun was fiercest in the mid-afternoon. Shops didn’t open until 11 am, closed from 2 to 4 pm while the owners had an extended lunch and napped, and stayed open until 9 pm to take advantage of the cooler evenings. Phoning our parents or ringing the doorbell between 2 and 4 pm was guaranteed to elicit a highly annoyed response followed by a severe reprimanding as many adults would be taking their afternoon naps to escape the hottest part of the day. The unpredictable and interm
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