The Higgs Condensate as a Quantum Liquid
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The Higgs Condensate as a Quantum Liquid Paolo Cea1 Received: 1 July 2020 / Accepted: 29 August 2020 / © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract We model the Higgs condensate of the Standard Model as a relativistic quantum fluid analogous to superfluid helium. We find that the low-lying excitations of the Higgs condensate behave like two relativistic Higgs fields. The lighter Higgs boson has a mass of order 102 GeV. We identify this light Higgs particle with the new LHC resonance at 125 GeV. The heavy Higgs boson has a mass around 750 GeV consistent with our recent phenomenological analysis of the preliminary LHC Run 2 data in the golden channel. We critical compare our theoretical scenario with two Higgs bosons to the available LHC Run 2 data. Keywords Higgs boson · Large hadron collider PACS 11.15.Ex; 14.80.Bn; 12.15.-y
1 Introduction It is known since long time that in the Standard Model, within the non-perturbative description of spontaneous symmetry breaking [1–4], self-interacting scalar fields suffer the triviality problem [5], namely the renormalised self-coupling goes to zero when the ultraviolet cutoff is sent to infinity. Nevertheless, extensive numerical simulations showed that, even without self-interactions, the scalar bosons could trigger spontaneous symmetry breaking. Moreover, precise non-perturbative numerical simulations [6, 7] indicated that the excitation of the Bose-Einstein scalar condensate is a rather heavy scalar particle. In fact, our recent analysis of the preliminary LHC Run 2 data in the so-called golden channel [8, 9] (see also Ref. [10]), showed a rather convincing evidence of a broad scalar resonance with mass around 730 GeV, that seems to be consistent with a heavy Higgs boson. Supposing that the full Run 2 data set will confirm the heavy Higgs boson proposal, we face with the problem of the existence of two Higgs bosons considering that the first runs of proton-proton collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider with center-of-mass energies √ s = 7 and 8 TeV (Run 1) gave evidence for a spin-zero boson with mass 125 GeV [11, 12], and that it is now well established that this narrow resonance resembles closely the Higgs boson of the Standard Model [13, 14]. Paolo Cea
[email protected] 1
Universit`a degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
International Journal of Theoretical Physics
In the present paper we propose to look at the Higgs condensate as a quantum liquid analogous to the Bose-Einstein condensate in superfluid helium (helium II) 1 . We find that the low-lying excitations of the Higgs condensate resemble two Higgs bosons with masses of order 100 GeV and around 750 GeV, respectively. These condensate excitations parallel the phonons and rotons in superfluid helium. The remainder of the paper is organised as follows. In Section 2 we briefly review the main properties of liquid helium in the superfluid phase. In Section 3 we discuss the Higgs mechanism taking into account the problem of triviality for self-interacting scalar fi
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