The Hispanic/Latinx Perinatal Paradox in the United States: A Scoping Review and Recommendations to Guide Future Researc
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REVIEW PAPER
The Hispanic/Latinx Perinatal Paradox in the United States: A Scoping Review and Recommendations to Guide Future Research Diana Montoya‑Williams1 · Victoria Guazzelli Williamson2 · Michelle Cardel3 · Elena Fuentes‑Afflick4 · Mildred Maldonado‑Molina5 · Lindsay Thompson3,6 Accepted: 22 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract For decades, epidemiologists have documented a health advantage among Hispanic/Latinx individuals who live in the United States, despite their significant socioeconomic barriers. This observation is often described as the “Hispanic paradox.” In this scoping review, we aimed to summarize literature published on Hispanic/Latinx perinatal outcomes over the past two decades and place these findings within the context of the overarching “Healthy Immigrant” paradox. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they utilized large population datasets to describe rates of preterm birth, low birth weight and infant mortality among Hispanic/Latinx women living in the United States. To focus on the most recent trends, studies were excluded if they were published prior to the year 2000. Globally, Hispanic/Latinx women appear to continue to have improved perinatal outcomes compared to non-Hispanic Black infants, while rates of adverse outcomes appear similar for Hispanic/Latinx and non-Hispanic White women. However, our review emphasizes the heterogeneity of outcomes experienced by Hispanic/Latinx women. The epidemiologic advantage among Hispanic/Latinx women and their infants may be largely concentrated among specific national origin subgroups or among recently arrived foreign-born Hispanic/Latinx women. Given the disparities that exist among Hispanic/Latinx women, we provide a summary of themes to explore in future research and methodologic recommendations that may assist in identifying important subgroup differences and their determinants. Keywords Ethnicity · Hispanic · Preterm birth · Low birthweight · Infant mortality · Immigrant paradox
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-020-01117-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Diana Montoya‑Williams [email protected] 1
Department of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
2
Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA
3
Department of Health Outcomes & Bioinformatics, University of Florida, Florida, USA
4
Department of Pediatrics, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, USA
5
Department of Health Education & Behavior, University of Florida, Florida, USA
6
Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Florida, USA
Racial and ethnic disparities in perinatal and infant health outcomes in the United States have been well-documented and have persisted for decades [1–3]. Many studies have focused on the disparitie
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