The Influence of Cellular Debris on Cell Guidance and Implications for Incorporating Silicon Based Micropatterns
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The Influence of Cellular Debris on Cell Guidance and Implications for Incorporating Silicon Based Micropatterns Delphine Dean1, Katherine Hafner1, Xue Chen2, Brian Kirkland1, Theresa Hafner1, Marian S. Kennedy2 1 Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Rhodes Hall Rm. 301, Clemson, SC 29634 2 Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Clemson University, Sirrine Hall Rm. 161, Clemson, SC 29634
ABSTRACT Determining what external stimuli influence cell differentiation, morphology, and growth continues to be a focus on many research groups to meet the healthcare Grand Challenges. While prior work has shown the influence of stiffness, surface chemistry and topography, these parameters often change in tandem, making it difficult to delineate the role of an individual component. This study examined the possible incorporation of microelectronic processing to produce reusable substrates for cell guidance studies. Subsequent plating of substrates cleaned with methods common in a microelectronic fabrication process showed complex responses including migration. Optical characterization of surfaces after cleaning showed remaining cellular debris that could be removed through the incorporation of a piranha solution. The micro patterned substrates did allow controlled comparison between dental pulp stem cells and osteoblast cells. The dental pulp cells did not show any cell alignment or cell proliferation (as indicated by cell density) with the isotropic or anisotropic micropatterns on the initial plating. The osteoblast cells (control) only aligned with the lines and not any of the other patterns (dots, holes or hexagons). INTRODUCTION Despite remarkable improvement in the nation's oral health over the last half century, the American Dental Association reports that record numbers of restorative procedures to repair damaged enamel and dentin are being performed. Unlike bone, dental mineralized tissues such as enamel and dentin have very little natural mechanism for repair after damage. Traditional techniques to treat damaged teeth (for either periodontal disease or trauma) include replacement of small volumes of the tooth structure with artificial materials or full replacement of a tooth [1– 3]. However, these procedures can result with inflammation or infection of the surrounding tissue or implantation degradation, infection, etc. [4]. Therefore, there is a great need to develop regenerative tissue approaches. Determining what external stimuli influence cell differentiation, morphology, and growth has been a major focus of research groups [5–11]. Several studies that researched the influence of substrates on cellular response used osteoblasts, which are bone forming cells that stem from osteoprogenitor cells and are found inside of bone marrow [12,13]. Many of the studies have focused on osteoblasts, because they are the essential cells for bone tissue or dental implants to reconstruct themselves. During new bone tissue formation, osteoblasts differentiate directly from preosteoblasts and express type I collagen.
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