The Jews of Moscow, Kiev and Minsk Identity, Antisemitism, Emigratio
The persecution and flight of Jews from the former Soviet Union have been in the news for 25 years yet surprisingly little exact information is available on them. Various parties have offered widely differing assessments of how many Jews live in the regio
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The Jews of Moscow, Kiev and Minsk Identity, Antisemitism, Emigration Robert J. Brym
Professor, Department of Sociology and Centre for Russian and East European Studies University of Toronto
with the assistance of
Rozalina Ryvkina
Professor All-Russian Centre ji)r Public Opinion Research, Moscow
Editor Howard Spier
Head of Central and East European Department Institute of Jewish Affairs London
M
MACMILLAN
in association with the Palgrave Macmillan
For Rhonda, Shira, Talia and Ariella
© The Institute of Jewish Affairs Limited 1994 In-text photographs © David Blumenfeld 1994 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1994 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WI P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1994 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world in association with the Institute of Jewish Affairs 79 Wimpole Street London WIM 7DD Great Britain ISBN 978-1-349-13517-2 DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-13515-8
ISBN 978-1-349-13515-8 (eBook)
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Table of Contents List of Tables
vii
List of Figures
ix
List of Photographs
x
Foreword
XI
Preface
XV
1
THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY
2
THE JEWS IN SOVIET AND POST-SOVIET SOCIETY 6 The Persistence of Ethnicity in the Soviet Era
3
4
1
6
The Jewish Dilemma
11
IDENTITY
19
How Many Jews Live in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus?
19
How Jewish Are They?
24
What Determines Jewishness?
27
Summary
33
ANTISEMITISM
38
Antisemitism as a Reaction to Post-Communism
38
Antisemitism and Public Opinion Polls
39
The Frequency of Antisemitic Attitudes in Moscow
41
Antisemitic Attitudes in the CIS
45
The Social Determinants of Antisemitism
48
v
5
6
Jewish Perceptions of Antisemitism
52
Sociodemographic Variations
57
Summary
61
EMIGRATION
66
The Size and Direction of the Emigration Movement, 1966-93
66
How Many Want to Leave?
75
Why Do They Want to Go?
78
Determinants of Migration Plans
82
Emigration Projections, 1994-99
88
BETWEEN EAST AND WEST
94
Patterns of Accommodation
94
Summary of Main Findings
99
A Final Word on Method
101
Appendix A
Methodological Notes
105
Appendix B
The Questionnaire
112
Sources Cited
132
Name Index
140
Subject Index
142
VI
List of Tables
1.1
Jewish Population, 1989, and Sample Size
3
2.1
Criteria Mentioned as Facilitating Access to Higher Education, Soviet German Immigrants in West Germany, by Region, 1979
9
P
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