The oral health status and treatment needs of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The oral health status and treatment needs of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder Keith Da Silva 1
&
Dempsey Wood 1
Received: 22 July 2020 / Accepted: 29 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objective To investigate the oral health status and treatment needs of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Methods In this retrospective study, the records of children between the ages of 6 and 14 who attended the College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan between 2016 and 2019 were reviewed. Demographic and clinical data was collected and compared for children who were identified as having FASD and a healthy control group. Results From our total sample of 252 dental records, 68 children were identified with FASD. When compared to controls, children with FASD were significantly older at their first dental visit, and more dependent on public dental insurance. Children with FASD also had a significantly higher caries experience (97% vs 64.7%) and severity (DMFT/dmft score = 7.18 ± 1.79 vs 2.93 ± 0.98). Additionally, the results of our logistic regression model indicate that children with FASD were 4.71 times more likely (OR 4.71, 95% CI 1.58 –14.03) to be referred for treatment under general anesthesia (GA) when all other factors were controlled. Conclusions Children with FASD may be at a higher risk for poor oral health outcomes and have more extensive treatment needs. Our results indicate that they may also be at a higher risk for treatment under GA. Clinical relevance Oral healthcare providers need to be award of the unique needs of children with FASD to better prevent and manage their oral disease. Keywords Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder . Dental caries . Pediatric dentistry . Anesthesia . General
Introduction Oral healthcare for individuals with developmental disabilities has been identified as a priority area among healthcare professionals and policy-makers in Canada [1, 2]. Canadians who live with developmental disabilities face considerable barriers to accessing healthcare services. These challenges translate into inequalities in oral health status and overall treatment needs [2]. It is well documented that children with developmental disabilities experience a greater burden of oral disease and a higher unmet need for dental care when compared to those without any disabilities [3, 4]. The oral healthcare needs of children with developmental disabilities are complex and may be related to congenital anomalies, associated c-morbidities, responsive behavior, as well as an inability to access
* Keith Da Silva [email protected] 1
College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 123-105 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
timely personal and professional care to maintain oral health [4, 5]. With respect to quality of life, oral health related problems are rated among the top secondary issues affecting individuals with disabilities that can result in significant limitations in their daily lives and overall well
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