The Outlook for Gyroscopy
- PDF / 372,528 Bytes
- 5 Pages / 612 x 792 pts (letter) Page_size
- 57 Downloads / 163 Views
Outlook for Gyroscopy V. G. Peshekhonova, b, * aConcern
CSRI Elektropribor, JSC, St. Petersburg, 197046 Russia University, St. Petersburg, 197101 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
bITMO
Received January 20, 2020; revised March 20, 2020; accepted March 25, 2020
Abstract—Modern gyroscopy is characterized by a great diversity of gyroscopes that have been and are being developed. Dominant positions belong to wave optic gyroscopes implementing the relativistic Sagnac effect, and micromechanical vibratory gyroscopes the operating principle of which is based on Coriolis effect. At the same time, high-precision rotor mechanical gyroscopes based on the principles of rotating solid body dynamics partially retain their position; also, the research of gyroscopes developed on the principles of nuclear physics and quantum optics is progressing successfully. Current state and the prospects of gyroscopes development are discussed in this paper. Keywords: gyroscope, wave optic gyro, hemispherical resonator gyro, micromechanical gyro, nuclear magnetic gyro, gyro on matter waves DOI: 10.1134/S2075108720030062
INTRODUCTION Gyroscopy began to develop as a branch of mechanics, and for a long time the “monopoly” was held by mechanical gyroscopes of rotor and vibratory types. They became a basis for developing various gyroscopic devices and inertial navigation systems (INS). However, the applications of the gyroscopic tools were limited by structural complexity and complicated manufacturing process of the mechanical gyros and gyroscopic systems, their large size and weight, high energy consumption and, consequently, expensiveness. The development of motion control technologies for an increasingly wide range of vehicles required an order of magnitude greater number of gyroscopic devices with high performance characteristics and relatively low cost. It was necessary to start large-scale production of gyroscopes. Extensive search for the solution to this problem, undertaken in 1960-s resulted in the development of brand new gyroscopic equipment, such as laser, fiber-optic, hemispheric resonator and micromechanical gyros. Currently, the research on a new type of gyros based on the achievements in quantum optics is in progress. In view of the fact that some types of mechanical gyroscopes (tuned rotor, floated, electrostatic gyros) are still in use, it turns out that each range of accuracy characteristics is covered by two or three types of gyros. In this paper, the modern state of gyroscopes development and the outlook for their application are discussed.
WAVE OPTICAL GYROSCOPES The laser gyroscope (LG) with a drift at the level of 10–2 deg/h and a stable scale factor made it possible to construct strapdown inertial navigation systems (SINS) which are much easier to manufacture and much cheaper than the INS based on mechanical gyros. The LG-based SINS became the only possible gyroscopic navigation system for aviation, and this, for the first time in the history of gyroscopy, triggered large-scale (hundreds of thousands units) production of L
Data Loading...
