The Prevention of Natural and Man-Made Disasters: What Duties for States?
Prevention within IDRL is both a well-accepted concept which permeates politically relevant soft law documents and a specific obligation based on bilateral and multilateral treaties. However, the experience of the concept and the practice of prevention in
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The Prevention of Natural and Man-Made Disasters: What Duties for States? Barbara Nicoletti
Abstract Prevention within IDRL is both a well-accepted concept which permeates politically relevant soft law documents and a specific obligation based on bilateral and multilateral treaties. However, the experience of the concept and the practice of prevention in IDRL is too limited in time to have reached the level of sophistication which the same concept has reached in international environmental law (IEL) and to allow for both establishing a general duty of prevention and spelling out its specific contents. Although the reference to IEL is indispensable in order to identify whether and how the content of the prevention obligation in this area can be relevant for the affirmation of a general duty to disaster prevention, other branches of international law are contributing to the progressive expansion of the scope of application of the duty to prevent disasters.
Keywords IDRL Disaster prevention Duty to prevent Prevention principle International environmental law Right to life Development planning
Contents 8.1 Introduction..................................................................................................................... 8.2 Prevention as a Principle of International Law............................................................. 8.2.1 The Principle of Prevention in the Stockholm Declaration of 1972................ 8.2.2 The Evolution of the Principle from Stockholm to Rio ................................... 8.3 Prevention Within the International Instruments on Disaster Response......................
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B. Nicoletti (&) Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà , 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy e-mail: [email protected]
A. de Guttry et al. (eds.), International Disaster Response Law, DOI: 10.1007/978-90-6704-882-8_8, T.M.C. ASSER PRESS, The Hague, The Netherlands, and the author(s) 2012
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8.4 The Content of the Duty to Prevent in international Environmental Law and Corollary Obligations: Between State Sovereignty and Environmental Protection .... 8.4.1 The Precautionary Principle: Preventive Measures When There is a Plausible Risk......................................................................... 8.4.2 Duty to Cooperate .............................................................................................. 8.4.3 Duty to Warn ...................................................................................................... 8.4.4 Duty to Assess Risks .......................................................................................... 8.5 Development and Human Rights Law Contributions in the Identification of Prevention Obligation in the Face of Disasters........................................................ 8.6 Conclusions..................................................................................................................... References.............................................................
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