The putative polysaccharide synthase AfCps1 regulates Aspergillus fumigatus morphogenesis and conidia immune response in
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eISSN 1976-3794 pISSN 1225-8873
The putative polysaccharide synthase AfCps1 regulates Aspergillus fumigatus morphogenesis and conidia immune response in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages§ Sha Wang1†, Anjie Yuan2†, Liping Zeng2†, Sikai Hou2, Meng Wang2, Lei Li2, Zhendong Cai3*, and Guowei Zhong2*
our study provided new insights into the function of polysaccharide synthase Cps1, which is necessary for the maintenance of cell wall stability and the adaptation of conidia to the immune response of macrophages in A. fumigatus.
1 Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou Central Hospital, P. R. China 2 Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, P. R. China 3 Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, P. R. China
Keywords: Aspergillus fumigatus, polysaccharide synthase, cell wall integrity, bone marrow macrophages, immune activation
(Received Jul 6, 2020 / Revised Oct 13, 2020 / Accepted Oct 13, 2020)
To adapt to their host niches, pathogens have evolved precise mechanisms that allow them to survive in vivo cellular microenvironments. Cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria have cell walls, but these walls differ in molecular composition, construction, and function. In particular, many studies report that the fungal cell wall architecture plays a crucial role in growth, development, host recognition, and infection (Latgé, 2007, 2010; Hopke et al., 2018). As the primary osmotic barrier of cells, the assembly of the fungal cell wall is precisely controlled in space and time (Ram and Klis, 2006). Many efforts searched for new targets for antifungal therapy and diagnostic markers for invasive fungal infections; therefore, they mainly focus on mechanisms of how fungi build and regulate their cell walls (Kȩ dzierska et al., 2007; Cortés et al., 2019; Hasim and Coleman, 2019). Increasingly, fungal pathogens are seen as major threats to immune suppressed individuals, such as organ recipients and patients with cancer, HIV, bone marrow or solid-organ transplantation (Turner et al., 2006). Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitously distributed and notorious opportunistic human fungal pathogen that can cause IA with an apparently high fatality rate (Dagenais and Keller, 2009; Erjavec et al., 2009). For immunocompetent people, inhaled A. fumigatus conidia activate fungal killing by phagocytic cells. However, when immunocompromised patients are exposed to A. fumigatus spores, it often leads to the germination of spores into mycelia, which further invade the lung parenchyma (Dagenais and Keller, 2009; Romani, 2011). In A. fumigatus, a polysaccharide skeleton interlacing with a variety of glycoproteins forms the majority (more than 90%) of the cell wall (Gastebois et al., 2009). As a component of the cell wall, chitin, which localizes in the innermost layer of the cell wall, is generally
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