The relations among worry, meta-worry, intolerance of uncertainty and attentional bias for threat in men at high risk fo
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
The relations among worry, meta-worry, intolerance of uncertainty and attentional bias for threat in men at high risk for generalized anxiety disorder: a network analysis Lei Ren1†, Zhou Yang2†, Yidi Wang3†, Long-Biao Cui1, Yinchuan Jin1, Zhujing Ma1, Qintao Zhang1, Zhongying Wu1, Hua-Ning Wang4* and Qun Yang1*
Abstract Background: Improving the psychotherapies for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is dependent on a deeper understanding of the relations between GAD and its associated cognitive factors. In the present study, we investigate how the core feature of GAD (i.e., worry) and its associated cognitive factors, such as meta-worry, intolerance of uncertainty, and attention bias towards threat, relate to each other in men at high risk for GAD. Methods: We used network analysis to explore the relations among these variables in a cross-sectional sample of 122 men at high risk for generalized anxiety disorder. Specifically, we computed the expected influence and predictability of each variable. Results: In the final network, we found that worry and meta-worry had the highest expected influence and predictability. In contrast, attention bias towards threat showed the lowest expected influence and predictability. The estimates of the expected influence of the nodes were stable (correlation stability coefficient = 0.52). Conclusions: The present study is the first to investigate the relations among worry, meta-worry, intolerance of uncertainty, and attention bias towards threat in men at high risk for generalized anxiety disorder. These findings indicate that worry and meta-worry may play important roles in the present network. The implications for clinical interventions and future studies are discussed. Keywords: Generalized anxiety disorder, High risk, Network analysis, Attention bias, Meta-worry, Intolerance of uncertainty, Worry
* Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † Lei Ren, Zhou Yang and Yidi Wang contributed equally to this work. 4 Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China 1 Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directl
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