The Relationship between Driving Behavior and the Health Condition of Elderly Drivers
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The Relationship between Driving Behavior and the Health Condition of Elderly Drivers Hiroaki Nishiuchi 1 & Kaechang Park 2 & Saeri Hamada 1 Received: 3 June 2020 / Revised: 1 November 2020 / Accepted: 9 November 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study analyzed the impact of the health condition of elderly drivers on their driving behavior. We obtained drive recorder data and health check data including cognitive function and magnetic resonance imaging data from drivers older than 70 years of age and living in the Chugei area in Kochi Prefecture, Japan, and performed discriminant analysis. The results showed that safe driving skills are more affected by occipital lobe volume than the conventional cognitive tests such as MMSE and FAB. Keywords Elderly drivers . Driving behavior . Health condition . Drive recorder data . MRI data
1 Introduction In recent years in Japan, the birthrate has been declining, and the age of the population has been increasing. In addition, rural areas in Japan have become more suburban, and the number of elderly drivers has been increasing because public transportation services, especially in rural areas in Japan, are limited to city centers. Therefore, driving one’s own car is necessary. The age of most residents is over 65 years in such areas. In addition, in recent years, elderly drivers who start to feel a decline in their driving skills, not only physically but also cognitively and according to their judgement ability, are advised to return their driver’s license to the National Policy Agency because driving by elderly people increases the risk for traffic accidents. Figure 1 shows the number of accidents per 100,000 driver’s license holders by age [1]. Although the number of accidents by younger drivers is the highest, the value tends to be higher for elderly drivers as well. In the case
* Hiroaki Nishiuchi [email protected] Kaechang Park [email protected] 1
2
School of Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi, Japan Research Organization for Regional Alliances, Kochi University of Technology, 185 Miyanokuchi, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi, Japan
of accidents by elderly drivers, the reasons for an accident are not only physical decline, but also declines in cognitive and judgement abilities for driving. Therefore, objective evaluation of the relationship between these abilities and driving skills is important to reduce the risk of traffic accidents caused by elderly drivers. However, objective evaluation of the relationship is difficult due to a lack of comprehensive experiments and development of a database. In this study, we measured the relationship between driving skills and health conditions, not only using conventional questionnaire data but also magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, in elderly drivers in. Kochi, Japan. Discriminant analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between driving skills collected from drive recorder (DR) data an
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