The Role of Carotid and Femoral Plaque Burden in the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease
- PDF / 821,370 Bytes
- 12 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 77 Downloads / 176 Views
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY (JM GARDIN AND AH WALLER, SECTION EDITORS)
The Role of Carotid and Femoral Plaque Burden in the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease Nicholas Grubic 1,2 & Kayla N. Colledanchise 1 & Kiera Liblik 1 & Amer M. Johri 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review With limitations of cardiovascular disease risk stratification by traditional risk factors, the role of noninvasive imaging techniques, such as vascular ultrasound, has emerged as a prominent utility for decision-making in coronary artery disease. A review of current guidelines and contemporary approaches for carotid and femoral plaque assessment is needed to better inform the diagnosis, management, and treatment of atherosclerosis in clinical practice. Recent Findings The recent consensus-based guidelines for carotid plaque assessment in coronary artery disease have been established, supported by some outcomes-based research. Currently, there is a gap of evidence on the use of femoral ultrasound to detect atherosclerosis, as well as predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Summary The quantification and characterization of individualized plaque burden are important to stratify risk in asymptomatic or symptomatic atherosclerosis patients. Standardized quantification guidelines, supported by further outcomes-based research, are required to assess disease severity and progression. Keywords Atherosclerosis . Coronary artery disease . Ultrasound . Carotid plaque . Femoral plaque . Outcomes-based research
Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and has increased by over 10% in the past decade [1]. As one of the single largest causes of death in developed countries, coronary artery disease (CAD) is becoming an increasing epidemic among low- and middle-income countries [2]. Currently, invasive coronary angiography remains the This article is part of the Topical Collection on Echocardiography * Amer M. Johri [email protected] Nicholas Grubic [email protected] Kayla N. Colledanchise [email protected] Kiera Liblik [email protected] 1
2
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, CINQ, Queen’s University, 76 Stuart Street, FAPC 3, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
gold standard for diagnosis of CAD, although the recent European Society of Cardiology guidelines encourage the use of noninvasive imaging for the initial diagnostic management and risk stratification of patients with suspected CAD [3]. Interestingly, the recent American [4] and Canadian guidelines [5] reference only coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring for the assessment of risk factors and interventional CVD decision-making, with no mention of ultrasonography as a potential diagnostic tool. Nevertheless, advances in ultrasound have re-invigorated the role of this modality for stratification [6, 7]. Specifically, ultrasound for detection of subclinical atherosclerosis, particularly by carotid plaque
Data Loading...
