The role of lanthanum in improving the visible-light photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 nanoparticles prepared by hydrothe
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The role of lanthanum in improving the visible‑light photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal method Minglei Han1,2 · Zhiqiang Dong1,2 · Jiaan Liu1 · Guihua Ren1,2 · Meiqi Ling1,2 · Xiaodong Yang3 · Lianren Zhang1 · Bing Xue1,2 · Fangfei Li1,2 Received: 16 August 2020 / Accepted: 7 November 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this work, the La-doped TiO2 (La–TiO2) nanoparticles with different La content were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method aiming at enhancing the visible-light photocatalytic performance. The as-prepared photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, TEM, XPS, FT-IR, photocatalytic performance and photo-electrochemical analysis. The experimental results indicate that La doping could suppress the phase transformation and hinder the crystallite growth of T iO2. Compared with other samples, the 1.5% La–TiO2 displays the highest photocatalytic activity under visible light, attributing to the synergic effect of the larger specific surface area and better separation capability of photo-generated holes and electrons. In addition, 1.5% La–TiO2 exhibits the outstanding recycling performance, and the degradation efficiency of the fifth day falls by 6.34% compared with the first day. Keywords TiO2 nanoparticles · Lanthanum · Photocatalysts · Hydrothermal method
1 Introduction Currently, the water crises, especially water pollution, have become principal constraints on the development of economy and human health. Photocatalysis is a potential approach to solve this problem because solar energy is considered as a clean and unlimited energy source [1, 2]. Owing to the good combination of chemical stability, low cost, nontoxicity and environmental friendship, great efforts have Minglei Han and Zhiqiang Dong contributed to the work equally and should be regarded as co-first authors. * Bing Xue [email protected] * Fangfei Li [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 People’s Avenue, Changchun 130025, People’s Republic of China
2
Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals, Ministry of Land and Resources, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
3
School of Science, Changchun University, No.6543 Satellite Road, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
been dedicated to utilizing titanium dioxide (TiO2) as the promising photocatalysts for the degradation of toxic organic materials in solution [3, 4]. However, the photocatalytic performance of pure TiO2 under visible light is not satisfactory, attributing to its wide band gap and rapid recombination of photo-induced electrons and holes. Meanwhile, the pure TiO2 is hard to disperse in pollutant solutions and difficult to be recycled for reutilization [5]. To improve the visible-light sensitivity of T iO2, various methods (such as dye sensitization [6], composite semiconductors [7] and ion doping
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