The Russian Orthodox Church Triumphalism and Defensiveness
The Russian Orthodox Church has survived more than seventy years of the most brutal and sustained attempts to eradicate religion that has ever been. Weakened but spiritually alive, it is confronted by the demands of a ravaged, exhausted society. Can it, h
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The Russian Orthodox Church Triumphalism and Defensiveness
Jane Ellis
in association with ST ANTONY'S COLLEGE, OXFORD
*
© jane Ellis 1996
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996 978-0-333-63892-7 All rights reserved. No reproduct ion, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence perm itting limited copying issued by the Copyright licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WlT 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with t he Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by PAlGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PAlGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. Martin's Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers l td (formerly Macmillan Press l td). ·This book is published in the General Editor: Alex Pravda
StAntony's Series.
ISBN 978-1-349-24910-7 DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-24908-4
ISBN 978-1-349-24908-4 (eBook)
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British library. Transferred to digital printing 2001
Contents vi
Acknowledgements
Introduction The First Signs of Religious Freedom
11
2
The Millennium Celebrations of 1988 in the USSR
27
3
The Reversal of Policy on Religion
43
4
New Opportunities
55
5
Church Government
87
6
Church-State Relations
122
7
New Legislation on Religion
157
8
Conclusion
191
Notes
204
Bibliography
224
Index
232
v
Acknowledgements I am grateful for help in writing this book to my colleagues at Kesten Institute (formerly Keston College), especially Malcolm Walker for his unfailing helpfulness and resourcefulness in locating archive and library sources, and Dr Philip Walters for wise counsel at all times. Thanks also to Alice Vessey, my research assistant for most of the time I was working on this book, and to her successor, Emma Watkins. I also thank Professor Bernard Rudden of Brasenose College, who gave very helpful comments on the first draft of Chapter 7, and Dr Katya Andreyev of Christ Church for her valuable guidance throughout. I am grateful to the Leverhulme Trust for the grant which made it possible for me to write this book. A special word of thanks to my many friends in Russia who have patiently and graciously broadened my knowledge of their church. Jane Ellis Oxford April 1996
vi
Introduction During Mikhail Gorbachev' s time in power at the head of the Soviet Union, policy on religion changed totally. Tentatively
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