The Smart City and the Co-creation of Value A Source of New Competit
The original point that differentiates this text from otherwise similar texts is that it looks at the building of smart cities from the viewpoint of an interchange of knowledge among companies in different industries, or “Ba” as shared context in motion,
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Nobuyuki Tokoro
The Smart City and the Co-creation of Value A Source of New Competitiveness in a Low-Carbon Society 123
SpringerBriefs in Business
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8860
Nobuyuki Tokoro
The Smart City and the Co-creation of Value A Source of New Competitiveness in a Low-Carbon Society
123
Nobuyuki Tokoro College of Commerce and Graduate School of Business Administration Nihon University Setagaya-ku, Tokyo Japan
ISSN 2191-5482 SpringerBriefs in Business ISBN 978-4-431-55844-6 DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-55846-0
ISSN 2191-5490
(electronic)
ISBN 978-4-431-55846-0
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015954614 Springer Tokyo Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer Japan 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer Japan KK is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Is it possible to establish a sustainable society in which human economic activities coexist in harmony with the maintenance of the global environment? This is a topic that has attracted significant interest in the fields of natural science and social science in recent years. For sometime now, there have also been indications that the massive expansion of human economic activities is exceeding the limits that nature can tolerate. Limits to Growth, a report published in 1971 by the think-tank Club of Rome, shocked the world at the time by presenting a catastrophic scenario of a global environment in distress due to severe depletion of resources, widespread pollution, and overpopulation. Nearly half a century has already passed since then, and the predictions of the Club of Rome seem to be vindicated as the world indeed seems to be heading in the direction of the scenario it depicted. The world population has topped 7 billion, and the problem of the depletion of oil resources is becoming a real possibility. Initiatives to reduce carbon dioxide emissions that are the cause of
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