The Value of Crop Production and Pollination Services in the Eastern Amazon
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INSECT POLLINATORS
The Value of Crop Production and Pollination Services in the Eastern Amazon RC BORGES1,2 , RM BRITO1 , VL IMPERATRIZ-FONSECA3 , TC GIANNINI1,2 1
Instituto Tecnológico Vale Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Belém, Pará, Brasil Univ. Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil 3 Univ. de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil 2
Keywords Nature’s contribution to people, food security, human well-being, economic vulnerability, açaí, global changes Correspondence RC Borges, Instituto Tecnológico Vale 22 Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Nazaré, Belém, Pará; 66055-090, Brasil; [email protected] Edited by Carmen S S Pires – Embrapa Received 15 September 2019 and accepted 26 May 2020 * The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Nature safeguards living organisms and the ecosystem functions and services delivered by them. Animal pollination is an important Ecosystem Service since it plays a key role for achieving the sustainable development goals by safeguarding worldwide food production. Thus, conservation of pollination services is a major priority for guaranteeing global food security in the long term. Here we evaluate the crop pollination services in Pará state (Eastern Amazon, Brazil) focusing on two questions: (1) What is the economic value of crop production and pollination service in Pará? (2) Which municipalities are most dependent on pollination services considering local economies? We found 36 crops produced in the state; 20 (55%) crops are dependent on animal pollinators. In 2016, crop production value (CPV) for Pará state was US$ 2.95 billion and total pollination service value (PSV) was US$ 983.2 million, corresponding to 33% of CPV in Pará. Highest PSV value crops were açaí palm (US$635.6 million), cocoa (US$187.6 million), soybean (US$98.4 million), and watermelon (US$26.1 million), accounting for 96% of Pará’s PSV. Two municipalities (Medicilândia and Igarapé Miri) presented more than 50% of their GDP based on pollination services. In general, we found low crop diversity in the municipalities of Pará, suggesting an economic rural vulnerability for the state, mainly supported by the high productions of soy and açaí. Pollinator conservation and ecological intensified farming practices are urgent for supporting sustainable development for the state.
Introduction Nature safeguards living organisms and the ecosystem functions and services delivered by them; however, the ongoing anthropogenic-induced global changes resulted in an unprecedented decline in biodiversity and its contributions to people (Diaz et al 2019). In 2015, the United Nations (UN) (with global support) raised the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aiming to address the maintenance of ecosystem functions and services to both current and future generations (UN 2015). Altogether, the 17 SDGs target to cease poverty and other deprivations while promoting education,
equality, food security, and sustainable economic development. Food security remains a great challenge for several countries around the globe as hunger and undernourish
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