Thermographic Characterization of Cutaneous Ulcers of Different Etiologies
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IMAGE & SIGNAL PROCESSING
Thermographic Characterization of Cutaneous Ulcers of Different Etiologies Adriana Clemente Mendonça 1,2 & Jayme Adriano Farina Júnior 3 & Marco Andrey Cipriani Frade 4 & Rafael Inácio Barbosa 2,5 & Lais Mara Siqueira das Neves 2 & Rinaldo Roberto de Jesus Guirro 2 & Elaine Caldeira de Oliveira Guirro 2 Received: 21 April 2020 / Accepted: 15 July 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The characterization of the temperature of skin ulcers may provide preliminary diagnostic evidence. The aim of this study was to characterize cutaneous ulcers of different etiologies by infrared thermography. 122 cutaneous ulcers of 87 patients (age 60.1 ± 15.7 years) were evaluated, allocated into five groups: venous ulcers (VU) n = 26, arterial ulcers (AU) n = 20, mixed ulcers (MU) n = 25, pressure ulcers (PU) n = 29, and neuropathic ulcers (NU) n = 22. The cutaneous temperature was recorded by infrared thermography (FLIR-450™); we also evaluated the ulcer area, the ankle brachial index (ABI), the range of motion (ROM) of the ankle, and pain. For the different variables, the statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal Wallis test, ANOVA, the chisquared test, and the Spearman test (SPSS™ software version 20, p < 0.05). A significant difference was found between the temperatures of PU and NU. The ABI was significantly lower in the MU and AU groups, and pain was also higher in these groups. The ROM was decreased in all groups, and the MU and VU groups had the lowest ROM. There was no correlation between temperature and the clinical findings (ABI, ROM, and pain). There was a moderate correlation in the analysis between the temperature and the area of the ulcer in the PU group, as larger ulcers had lower temperatures. It is possible to characterize cutaneous ulcers by infrared thermography, and there are temperature differences among ulcers with different etiologies. Keywords Skin ulcer . Thermography . Temperature . Leg ulcer . Pressure ulcer . Neuropathic ulcer
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Image & Signal Processing Highlights • Thermography was able to characterize chronic cutaneous ulcers of different etiologies, identifying thermal behavior that differed between groups, probably related to ulcer etiology. * Elaine Caldeira de Oliveira Guirro [email protected] 1
Department of Applied Physiotherapy, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
2
Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, São Paulo University, Avenue Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
3
Department of Surgery and Anatomy, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
4
Department of Medical Clinic, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
5
Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina – UFSC, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
Introduction Peripheral vascular diseases (PVD) are considered a public health problem, and involve a distinct group of diseases and syn
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