Tolerance of Acacia populations following inoculation with the Ceratocystis canker and wilt pathogen in Vietnam
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Tolerance of Acacia populations following inoculation with the Ceratocystis canker and wilt pathogen in Vietnam Jeremy Brawner 1,2 & Nguyen Minh Chi 3 & Nghiem Chi 4 & Morag Glen 5 & Caroline Mohammed 5 & Pham Quang Thu 3 & Nguyen Duc Kien 4 Received: 20 May 2020 / Revised: 10 September 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Inoculations of two Acacia populations were used to estimate the level of genetic control for tolerance to Ceratocystis canker and wilt disease following inoculation with the causal pathogen, Ceratocystis manginecans. The first screening utilised a range of clones commonly established in Vietnam along with new candidate clones and provided evidence that variation in wilt symptoms is under a moderate level of genetic control in current deployment populations. Subsequent assessments of tolerance in a pedigreed Acacia auriculiformis progeny trial indicated that internal lesion length assessments were less influenced by seedling height and produced higher heritability estimates than external lesion length assessments. Heritability estimates for damage to detached phyllodes following inoculation increased from 2 to 4 weeks, at which point many leaves were entirely damaged. Assessments of phyllode damage were more heritable than assessments of stem damage, and positive genetic correlations between stems and phyllode damage indicate that families will rank similarly for both traits. If validation trials confirm the results of this study in larger trees, screening as described herein may be used to develop acacia breeds with greater disease tolerance. Keywords Acacia auriculiformis . Ceratocystis manginecans . Tolerance . Heritability
Introduction Acacia species have underpinned the development of significant forest industries in Southeast Asia for several decades (Griffin et al. 2011). Vietnam has over 1.5 million hectares This article is part of the Topical Collection on Disease Resistance Communicated by F. P. Guerra * Jeremy Brawner [email protected] 1
Forest Industries Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
2
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
3
Vietnamese Academy of Forest Science, Forest Protection Research Centre, Hanoi, Vietnam
4
Vietnamese Academy of Forest Science, Institute of Forest Tree Improvement and Biotechnology, Hanoi, Vietnam
5
Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart 7001, Australia
of Acacia plantations managed for wood production on 5- to 10-year rotations, nearly half of which is managed by an estimated 250,000 smallholder growers in small woodlots of one to 5 ha in size (Nambiar and Harwood 2014; Bartlett 2016). A 2013 review of the acacia estate determined that Acacia mangium (600,000 ha) comprised most of the Acacia estate in Vietnam. Since that time, Acacia hybrid (400,000 ha) and Acacia auriculiformis (AA) (90,000 ha) have been planted extensively
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