Torque teno virus dynamics during the first year of life
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Torque teno virus dynamics during the first year of life Elena A. Tyschik1, Anastasiya S. Rasskazova2, Anna V. Degtyareva1, Denis V. Rebrikov1,2*
and Gennady T. Sukhikh1
Abstract Background: Torque teno virus is a small chronically persisting circular negative ssDNA virus reaching near 100% prevalence. It is reported to be a marker for immune function in immunocompromised patients. The possibility of vertical maternal-fetal transmission remains controversial but incidence rate of TTV DNA in children increased with age. TTV dynamics well studied for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a predictor of posttransplant complications but there is no viral proliferation kinetics data for other patient groups or healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to determine TTV dynamics during the first year of life of healthy infants. Methods: Ninety eight clinically healthy breastfeeding infants (1–12 months of age) were analyzed by quantitative PCR for the whole blood TTV load with the test sensitivity of about 1000 viral copies per milliliter of blood (total number of samples including repeatedly tested infants was 109). Results: 67% of all analyzed samples were TTV-positive demonstrating significant positive correlation between age and TTV load (r = 0.81, p < 0.01). Conclusions: This is the first study to suggest that viral load increases during the first year of life reaching a plateau after 6 months with strong proliferation for the first 60 days. Our data well correlates with TTV dynamics in patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Keywords: Torque teno virus, Transfusion-transmitted virus, TTV, Viral load dynamics, Neonatal period, Infants, TORCH infections
Background Torque teno virus (TTV) is a small chronically persisting circular negative ssDNA virus reaching near 100% prevalence [1, 2]. TTV is transmitted in all ways including contact and respiratory [3]. It was suggested that presence of TTV can cause several diseases such as acute respiratory diseases [4], liver diseases [5, 6] and cancer [7], but this data did not have any convincing support. It is reported to be a marker for immune function in immunocompromised patients [8]. The routes of mother-to-child transmission of TTV have not been fully elucidated and the possibility of vertical maternal-fetal transplacental transmission remains controversial [9–20]. Also, several authors demonstrated that incidence rate of TTV DNA in children increased * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Oparina 4, Moscow 117513, Russia 2 Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
with age [13, 15, 19], but there is no information about the viral load during the first months of life. TTV dynamics well studied for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a predictor of post-transplant complications [21, 22]. But there is no viral proliferation kinetics data for o
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