Tracer Technology Modeling the Flow of Fluids
A vessel’s behavior as a heat exchanger, absorber, reactor, or other process unit is dependent upon how fluid flows through the vessel. In early engineering, the designer would assume either plug flow or mixed flow of the fluid through the vessel.&n
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FLUID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS Volume 96 ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Series Editor:
R. MOREAU MADYLAM Ecole Nationale Supe´rieure d’Hydraulique de Grenoble Boıˆte Postale 95 38402 Saint Martin d’He`res Cedex, France
Aims and Scope of the Series The purpose of this series is to focus on subjects in which fluid mechanics plays a fundamental role. As well as the more traditional applications of aeronautics, hydraulics, heat and mass transfer etc., books will be published dealing with topics which are currently in a state of rapid development, such as turbulence, suspensions and multiphase fluids, super and hypersonic flows and numerical modeling techniques. It is a widely held view that it is the interdisciplinary subjects that will receive intense scientific attention, bringing them to the forefront of technological advancement. Fluids have the ability to transport matter and its properties as well as to transmit force, therefore fluid mechanics is a subject that is particularly open to cross fertilization with other sciences and disciplines of engineering. The subject of fluid mechanics will be highly relevant in domains such as chemical, metallurgical, biological and ecological engineering. This series is particularly open to such new multidisciplinary domains. The median level of presentation is the first year graduate student. Some texts are monographs defining the current state of a field; others are accessible to final year undergraduates; but essentially the emphasis is on readability and clarity.
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/5980
Octave Levenspiel
Tracer Technology Modeling the Flow of Fluids
Octave Levenspiel Chemical Engineering Department Gleeson Hall, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331–2702, USA [email protected]
ISSN 0926-5112 ISBN 978-1-4419-8073-1 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-8074-8 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-8074-8 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011940834 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer ScienceþBusiness Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
To tell how a vessel will behave as a heat exchanger, absorber, reactor, or other process unit, we need to know how fluid flows through the vessel. In early engineering pra
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