Trends in the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in a brazilian city
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RESEARCH NOTE
Trends in the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in a brazilian city Alex Rodrigues Moura2,3* , Adriane Dórea Marques2,3, Mylena Santos Dantas3, Érika de Abreu Costa Brito2,3, Mariana do Rosário Souza2, Marcela Sampaio Lima2,3, Hianga Fayssa Fernandes Siqueira2, Angela Maria da Silva2,3, Ana Carolina Ribeiro Lisboa2,3, Marco Antonio Prado Nunes2,3, Marceli de Oliveira Santos4 and Carlos Anselmo Lima1,2,3
Abstract Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze the trends in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality in the city of Aracaju, Sergipe State, Brazil, between 1996 and 2015 with Joinpoint Regression Program 4.7.0.0 and to identify the geographical distribution of CRC in the municipality. Results: A total of 1322 cases of CRC and 467 CRC-related deaths during the study period were included. In total, 40% of the incident cases and 43% of the deaths occurred in men, while 60% of the incident cases and 57% of the deaths occurred in women. Males who were 20 to 44 years old had the most significant trend in growth. Among women, those in the group aged 45 to 64 years had the highest observed annual percent change (APC). In both sexes, mortality was stable. Regarding the geographic distribution, there were constant hotspots in the northeast region of the municipality. This study showed a significant increase in incidence, mainly in young men between 20 and 44 years of age, but stable mortality in Aracaju. Keywords: Colorectal cancer, Demography, Incidence, Mortality Introduction The epidemiological transition occurring throughout the world and in Brazil has drawn the attention of the health care field towards noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs) [1]. Cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes and its complications and cancer are pathologies that contribute to the increased incidence of and mortality due to NCDs. The incidence of and mortality due to colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased in several regions of the world [2]. In the United States, in 2018, it was the fourth most common type of cancer diagnosed in both sexes [3, 4]. In Brazil, estimates calculated by the José de Alencar Gomes da Silva National Cancer Institute (INCA) for the *Correspondence: [email protected] 2 Health Sciences Graduate Program, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
2020–2022 triennium showed that when nonmelanoma tumors were excluded, CRC ranked between the second and fourth leading cancer in men and between the second and third leading cancer in women, depending on the studied region [5]. Given its features, such as the high possibility of prevention by screening examinations and the high cure rate if diagnosed in the early stages, a study of the trends in the CRC incidence and mortality rates in the city of Aracaju, the capital of Sergipe State, Brazil, located at 10° 54′ 36″ S, 37° 4′ 12″ W, which has a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.770 and an estimated population in 2020 of 664,908
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